A combined TMS/fMRI study of intensity-dependent TMS over motor cortex

Daryl E. Bohning; Ananda Shastri; Kathleen A. McConnell; Ziad Nahas; Jeffrey P. Lorberbaum; Donna R. Roberts; Charlotte Teneback; Diana J. Vincent; Mark S. George

doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00368-0

A combined TMS/fMRI study of intensity-dependent TMS over motor cortex

Daryl E. Bohning, Ananda Shastri, Kathleen A. McConnell, Ziad Nahas, Jeffrey P. Lorberbaum, Donna R. Roberts, Charlotte Teneback, Diana J. Vincent, Mark S. George

Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

264 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows noninvasive stimulation of neurons using time-varying magnetic fields. Researchers have begun combining TMS with functional imaging to simultaneously stimulate and image brain activity. Recently, the feasibility of interleaving TMS with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was demonstrated. This study tests this new method to determine if TMS at different intensities shows different local and remote activation. Methods: Within a 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI scanner, seven adults were stimulated with a figure-eight TMS coil over the left motor cortex for thumb, while continuously acquiring blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) echoplanar images. TMS was applied at 1 Hz in 18-second long trains delivered alternately at 110% and 80% of motor threshold separated by rest periods. Results: Though the TMS coil caused some artifacts and reduced the signal to noise ratio (SNR), higher intensity TMS caused greater activation than lower, both locally and remotely. The magnitude (≃3% increase) and temporal onset (2 to 5 sec) of TMS induced blood flow changes appear similar to those induced using other motor and cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Though work remains in refining this potentially powerful method, combined TMS/fMRI is both technically feasible and produces measurable dose-dependent changes in brain activity.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	385-394
Number of pages	10
Journal	Biological psychiatry
Volume	45
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00368-0
State	Published - Feb 15 1999

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Research collaborations with Picker International, Dantec (Medtronic). Partial equipment and salary support from the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) (Young Investigator and Independent Investigator Awards, Dr. George) and the Ted and Vada Stanley Foundation (Drs. George, Bohning, Ms. McConnell and Roberts). Ms. Teneback was funded through NIAAA Center Grant # AA10761-03.

Keywords

Blood flow
Imaging
Motor cortex
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
fMRI

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title = "A combined TMS/fMRI study of intensity-dependent TMS over motor cortex",

abstract = "Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows noninvasive stimulation of neurons using time-varying magnetic fields. Researchers have begun combining TMS with functional imaging to simultaneously stimulate and image brain activity. Recently, the feasibility of interleaving TMS with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was demonstrated. This study tests this new method to determine if TMS at different intensities shows different local and remote activation. Methods: Within a 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI scanner, seven adults were stimulated with a figure-eight TMS coil over the left motor cortex for thumb, while continuously acquiring blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) echoplanar images. TMS was applied at 1 Hz in 18-second long trains delivered alternately at 110% and 80% of motor threshold separated by rest periods. Results: Though the TMS coil caused some artifacts and reduced the signal to noise ratio (SNR), higher intensity TMS caused greater activation than lower, both locally and remotely. The magnitude (≃3% increase) and temporal onset (2 to 5 sec) of TMS induced blood flow changes appear similar to those induced using other motor and cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Though work remains in refining this potentially powerful method, combined TMS/fMRI is both technically feasible and produces measurable dose-dependent changes in brain activity.",

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author = "Bohning, {Daryl E.} and Ananda Shastri and McConnell, {Kathleen A.} and Ziad Nahas and Lorberbaum, {Jeffrey P.} and Roberts, {Donna R.} and Charlotte Teneback and Vincent, {Diana J.} and George, {Mark S.}",

note = "Funding Information: Research collaborations with Picker International, Dantec (Medtronic). Partial equipment and salary support from the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) (Young Investigator and Independent Investigator Awards, Dr. George) and the Ted and Vada Stanley Foundation (Drs. George, Bohning, Ms. McConnell and Roberts). Ms. Teneback was funded through NIAAA Center Grant # AA10761-03. ",

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AU - Bohning, Daryl E.

AU - Shastri, Ananda

AU - McConnell, Kathleen A.

AU - Nahas, Ziad

AU - Lorberbaum, Jeffrey P.

AU - Roberts, Donna R.

AU - Teneback, Charlotte

AU - Vincent, Diana J.

AU - George, Mark S.

N1 - Funding Information: Research collaborations with Picker International, Dantec (Medtronic). Partial equipment and salary support from the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) (Young Investigator and Independent Investigator Awards, Dr. George) and the Ted and Vada Stanley Foundation (Drs. George, Bohning, Ms. McConnell and Roberts). Ms. Teneback was funded through NIAAA Center Grant # AA10761-03.

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N2 - Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows noninvasive stimulation of neurons using time-varying magnetic fields. Researchers have begun combining TMS with functional imaging to simultaneously stimulate and image brain activity. Recently, the feasibility of interleaving TMS with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was demonstrated. This study tests this new method to determine if TMS at different intensities shows different local and remote activation. Methods: Within a 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI scanner, seven adults were stimulated with a figure-eight TMS coil over the left motor cortex for thumb, while continuously acquiring blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) echoplanar images. TMS was applied at 1 Hz in 18-second long trains delivered alternately at 110% and 80% of motor threshold separated by rest periods. Results: Though the TMS coil caused some artifacts and reduced the signal to noise ratio (SNR), higher intensity TMS caused greater activation than lower, both locally and remotely. The magnitude (≃3% increase) and temporal onset (2 to 5 sec) of TMS induced blood flow changes appear similar to those induced using other motor and cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Though work remains in refining this potentially powerful method, combined TMS/fMRI is both technically feasible and produces measurable dose-dependent changes in brain activity.

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ER -

A combined TMS/fMRI study of intensity-dependent TMS over motor cortex

Abstract

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Keywords

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