A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE

E. J. Baxter; R. Keisler; S. Dodelson; K. A. Aird; S. W. Allen; M. L N Ashby; M. Bautz; M. Bayliss; B. A. Benson; L. E. Bleem; S. Bocquet; M. Brodwin; J. E. Carlstrom; C. L. Chang; I. Chiu; H. M. Cho; A. Clocchiatti; T. M. Crawford; A. T. Crites; S. Desai; J. P. Dietrich; T. De Haan; M. A. Dobbs; R. J. Foley; W. R. Forman; E. M. George; M. D. Gladders; A. H. Gonzalez; N. W. Halverson; N. L. Harrington; C. Hennig; H. Hoekstra; G. P. Holder; W. L. Holzapfel; Z. Hou; J. D. Hrubes; C. Jones; L. Knox; A. T. Lee; E. M. Leitch; J. Liu; M. Lueker; D. Luong-Van; A. Mantz; D. P. Marrone; M. McDonald; J. J. McMahon; S. S. Meyer; M. Millea; L. M. Mocanu; S. S. Murray; S. Padin; C. Pryke; C. L. Reichardt; A. Rest; J. E. Ruhl; B. R. Saliwanchik; A. Saro; J. T. Sayre; K. K. Schaffer; E. Shirokoff; J. Song; H. G. Spieler; B. Stalder; S. A. Stanford; Z. Staniszewski; A. A. Stark; K. T. Story; A. Van Engelen; K. Vanderlinde; J. D. Vieira; A. Vikhlinin; R. Williamson; O. Zahn; A. Zenteno

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/247

A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE

E. J. Baxter, R. Keisler, S. Dodelson, K. A. Aird, S. W. Allen, M. L N Ashby, M. Bautz, M. Bayliss, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, S. Bocquet, M. Brodwin, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, I. Chiu, H. M. Cho, A. Clocchiatti, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, S. DesaiJ. P. Dietrich, T. De Haan, M. A. Dobbs, R. J. Foley, W. R. Forman, E. M. George, M. D. Gladders, A. H. Gonzalez, N. W. Halverson, N. L. Harrington, C. Hennig, H. Hoekstra, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, Z. Hou, J. D. Hrubes, C. Jones, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, J. Liu, M. Lueker, D. Luong-Van, A. Mantz, D. P. Marrone, M. McDonald, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, S. S. Murray, S. Padin, C. Pryke, C. L. Reichardt, A. Rest, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, A. Saro, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, E. Shirokoff, J. Song, H. G. Spieler, B. Stalder, S. A. Stanford, Z. Staniszewski, A. A. Stark, K. T. Story, A. Van Engelen, K. Vanderlinde, J. D. Vieira, A. Vikhlinin, R. Williamson, O. Zahn, A. Zenteno

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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67 Scopus citations

Abstract

Clusters of galaxies are expected to gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby generate a distinct signal in the CMB on arcminute scales. Measurements of this effect can be used to constrain the masses of galaxy clusters with CMB data alone. Here we present a measurement of lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We develop a maximum likelihood approach to extract the CMB cluster lensing signal and validate the method on mock data. We quantify the effects on our analysis of several potential sources of systematic error and find that they generally act to reduce the best-fit cluster mass. It is estimated that this bias to lower cluster mass is roughly 0.85σ in units of the statistical error bar, although this estimate should be viewed as an upper limit. We apply our maximum likelihood technique to 513 clusters selected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signatures in SPT data, and rule out the null hypothesis of no lensing at 3.1σ. The lensing-derived mass estimate for the full cluster sample is consistent with that inferred from the SZ flux: (68% C.L., statistical error only).

Original language	English (US)
Article number	247
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	806
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/247
State	Published - Jun 20 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Keywords

cosmic background radiation
galaxies: clusters: general
gravitational lensing: weak

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Baxter, E. J., Keisler, R., Dodelson, S., Aird, K. A., Allen, S. W., Ashby, M. L. N., Bautz, M., Bayliss, M., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Bocquet, S., Brodwin, M., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chiu, I., Cho, H. M., Clocchiatti, A., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., ... Zenteno, A. (2015). A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. Astrophysical Journal, 806(2), Article 247. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/247

Baxter, EJ, Keisler, R, Dodelson, S, Aird, KA, Allen, SW, Ashby, MLN, Bautz, M, Bayliss, M, Benson, BA, Bleem, LE, Bocquet, S, Brodwin, M, Carlstrom, JE, Chang, CL, Chiu, I, Cho, HM, Clocchiatti, A, Crawford, TM, Crites, AT, Desai, S, Dietrich, JP, De Haan, T, Dobbs, MA, Foley, RJ, Forman, WR, George, EM, Gladders, MD, Gonzalez, AH, Halverson, NW, Harrington, NL, Hennig, C, Hoekstra, H, Holder, GP, Holzapfel, WL, Hou, Z, Hrubes, JD, Jones, C, Knox, L, Lee, AT, Leitch, EM, Liu, J, Lueker, M, Luong-Van, D, Mantz, A, Marrone, DP, McDonald, M, McMahon, JJ, Meyer, SS, Millea, M, Mocanu, LM, Murray, SS, Padin, S, Pryke, C, Reichardt, CL, Rest, A, Ruhl, JE, Saliwanchik, BR, Saro, A, Sayre, JT, Schaffer, KK, Shirokoff, E, Song, J, Spieler, HG, Stalder, B, Stanford, SA, Staniszewski, Z, Stark, AA, Story, KT, Van Engelen, A, Vanderlinde, K, Vieira, JD, Vikhlinin, A, Williamson, R, Zahn, O & Zenteno, A 2015, 'A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 806, no. 2, 247. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/247

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abstract = "Clusters of galaxies are expected to gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby generate a distinct signal in the CMB on arcminute scales. Measurements of this effect can be used to constrain the masses of galaxy clusters with CMB data alone. Here we present a measurement of lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We develop a maximum likelihood approach to extract the CMB cluster lensing signal and validate the method on mock data. We quantify the effects on our analysis of several potential sources of systematic error and find that they generally act to reduce the best-fit cluster mass. It is estimated that this bias to lower cluster mass is roughly 0.85σ in units of the statistical error bar, although this estimate should be viewed as an upper limit. We apply our maximum likelihood technique to 513 clusters selected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signatures in SPT data, and rule out the null hypothesis of no lensing at 3.1σ. The lensing-derived mass estimate for the full cluster sample is consistent with that inferred from the SZ flux: (68% C.L., statistical error only).",

keywords = "cosmic background radiation, galaxies: clusters: general, gravitational lensing: weak",

author = "Baxter, {E. J.} and R. Keisler and S. Dodelson and Aird, {K. A.} and Allen, {S. W.} and Ashby, {M. L N} and M. Bautz and M. Bayliss and Benson, {B. A.} and Bleem, {L. E.} and S. Bocquet and M. Brodwin and Carlstrom, {J. E.} and Chang, {C. L.} and I. Chiu and Cho, {H. M.} and A. Clocchiatti and Crawford, {T. M.} and Crites, {A. T.} and S. Desai and Dietrich, {J. P.} and {De Haan}, T. and Dobbs, {M. A.} and Foley, {R. J.} and Forman, {W. R.} and George, {E. M.} and Gladders, {M. D.} and Gonzalez, {A. H.} and Halverson, {N. W.} and Harrington, {N. L.} and C. Hennig and H. Hoekstra and Holder, {G. P.} and Holzapfel, {W. L.} and Z. Hou and Hrubes, {J. D.} and C. Jones and L. Knox and Lee, {A. T.} and Leitch, {E. M.} and J. Liu and M. Lueker and D. Luong-Van and A. Mantz and Marrone, {D. P.} and M. McDonald and McMahon, {J. J.} and Meyer, {S. S.} and M. Millea and Mocanu, {L. M.} and Murray, {S. S.} and S. Padin and C. Pryke and Reichardt, {C. L.} and A. Rest and Ruhl, {J. E.} and Saliwanchik, {B. R.} and A. Saro and Sayre, {J. T.} and Schaffer, {K. K.} and E. Shirokoff and J. Song and Spieler, {H. G.} and B. Stalder and Stanford, {S. A.} and Z. Staniszewski and Stark, {A. A.} and Story, {K. T.} and {Van Engelen}, A. and K. Vanderlinde and Vieira, {J. D.} and A. Vikhlinin and R. Williamson and O. Zahn and A. Zenteno",

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T1 - A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE

AU - Baxter, E. J.

AU - Keisler, R.

AU - Dodelson, S.

AU - Aird, K. A.

AU - Allen, S. W.

AU - Ashby, M. L N

AU - Bautz, M.

AU - Bayliss, M.

AU - Benson, B. A.

AU - Bleem, L. E.

AU - Bocquet, S.

AU - Brodwin, M.

AU - Carlstrom, J. E.

AU - Chang, C. L.

AU - Chiu, I.

AU - Cho, H. M.

AU - Clocchiatti, A.

AU - Crawford, T. M.

AU - Crites, A. T.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Dietrich, J. P.

AU - De Haan, T.

AU - Dobbs, M. A.

AU - Foley, R. J.

AU - Forman, W. R.

AU - George, E. M.

AU - Gladders, M. D.

AU - Gonzalez, A. H.

AU - Halverson, N. W.

AU - Harrington, N. L.

AU - Hennig, C.

AU - Hoekstra, H.

AU - Holder, G. P.

AU - Holzapfel, W. L.

AU - Hou, Z.

AU - Hrubes, J. D.

AU - Jones, C.

AU - Knox, L.

AU - Lee, A. T.

AU - Leitch, E. M.

AU - Liu, J.

AU - Lueker, M.

AU - Luong-Van, D.

AU - Mantz, A.

AU - Marrone, D. P.

AU - McDonald, M.

AU - McMahon, J. J.

AU - Meyer, S. S.

AU - Millea, M.

AU - Mocanu, L. M.

AU - Murray, S. S.

AU - Padin, S.

AU - Pryke, C.

AU - Reichardt, C. L.

AU - Rest, A.

AU - Ruhl, J. E.

AU - Saliwanchik, B. R.

AU - Saro, A.

AU - Sayre, J. T.

AU - Schaffer, K. K.

AU - Shirokoff, E.

AU - Song, J.

AU - Spieler, H. G.

AU - Stalder, B.

AU - Stanford, S. A.

AU - Staniszewski, Z.

AU - Stark, A. A.

AU - Story, K. T.

AU - Van Engelen, A.

AU - Vanderlinde, K.

AU - Vieira, J. D.

AU - Vikhlinin, A.

AU - Williamson, R.

AU - Zahn, O.

AU - Zenteno, A.

PY - 2015/6/20

Y1 - 2015/6/20

N2 - Clusters of galaxies are expected to gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby generate a distinct signal in the CMB on arcminute scales. Measurements of this effect can be used to constrain the masses of galaxy clusters with CMB data alone. Here we present a measurement of lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We develop a maximum likelihood approach to extract the CMB cluster lensing signal and validate the method on mock data. We quantify the effects on our analysis of several potential sources of systematic error and find that they generally act to reduce the best-fit cluster mass. It is estimated that this bias to lower cluster mass is roughly 0.85σ in units of the statistical error bar, although this estimate should be viewed as an upper limit. We apply our maximum likelihood technique to 513 clusters selected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signatures in SPT data, and rule out the null hypothesis of no lensing at 3.1σ. The lensing-derived mass estimate for the full cluster sample is consistent with that inferred from the SZ flux: (68% C.L., statistical error only).

AB - Clusters of galaxies are expected to gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby generate a distinct signal in the CMB on arcminute scales. Measurements of this effect can be used to constrain the masses of galaxy clusters with CMB data alone. Here we present a measurement of lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We develop a maximum likelihood approach to extract the CMB cluster lensing signal and validate the method on mock data. We quantify the effects on our analysis of several potential sources of systematic error and find that they generally act to reduce the best-fit cluster mass. It is estimated that this bias to lower cluster mass is roughly 0.85σ in units of the statistical error bar, although this estimate should be viewed as an upper limit. We apply our maximum likelihood technique to 513 clusters selected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signatures in SPT data, and rule out the null hypothesis of no lensing at 3.1σ. The lensing-derived mass estimate for the full cluster sample is consistent with that inferred from the SZ flux: (68% C.L., statistical error only).

KW - cosmic background radiation

KW - galaxies: clusters: general

KW - gravitational lensing: weak

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DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/247

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84934932410

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 806

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 247

ER -

A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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