A new role for magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of laryngeal relapsing polychondritis

Background. Relapsing polychondritis involving the upper airway is a rare cause of airflow obstruction and hoarseness. The diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis depends on clinical signs, characteristic findings on cartilage biopsy, and response to treatment. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can increase the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Methods. We present a case report of primary laryngeal relapsing polychondritis. Results. Serologic testing, direct laryngoscopy, and endoscopic biopsy could not establish the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination demonstrated findings consistent with the histopathological diagnosis obtained on open biopsy. Follow-up MRI after treatment showed resolution of the initial findings. Conclusion. This case demonstrates the usefulness of MRI in the diagnosis and management of relapsing polychondritis involving the upper airway.