Abstract
A numerical approach based on preconditioning and dual-time stepping (DTS) is proposed to simulate cavitating flows at low Mach numbers. The methodology is based on a fully-compressible homogeneous mixture model and finite rate mass transfer as discussed in Gnanaskandan and Mahesh (2015). The method has shown promising results for capturing the large-scale cavitation in developed cavitation regimes (e.g. Bhatt and Mahesh, 2020; Gnanaskandan and Mahesh, 2016a). Small-scale vapor regions in the incipient cavitation, cavitation inception and wetted conditions are sensitive to free-stream nuclei content (e.g. Hsiao and Chahine, 2005; Bhatt and Mahesh, 2019, 2020). In these regimes, lower values of free-stream nuclei are necessary than what is typically prescribed in homogeneous mixture models that use a fully-compressible formulation. While important for the physical modeling, lower values of free-stream nuclei lead to acoustic stiffness. The goal of the present work is to present a numerical approach to enable such low free-stream nuclei calculations in an accurate manner and in a reasonable amount of time. The key aspects of the numerical approach are: (i) preconditioning applied to the cavitating flow equations in a fully-compressible (density-based) solver, (ii) modifications based on the all-speed Roe-type scheme to the characteristic-based filtering, and (iii) implementation in parallel and on unstructured grids that allow the simulation of complex problems. The numerical formulation of the time-derivative preconditioning matrix, the DTS framework, and modification to the shock-capturing are discussed. A proper conditioning of the preconditioned system of equations is obtained. The methodology is demonstrated for the unsteady flow over a cylinder under wetted and cavitation inception conditions, and LES of flow over a propeller under wetted conditions. Overall, a significant saving in total run-time as compared to the original solver is obtained, without compromising accuracy.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 103568 |
Journal | International Journal of Multiphase Flow |
Volume | 141 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work is supported by the United States Office of Naval Research under grant ONR N00014-17-1-2676 with Dr. Ki-Han Kim as the program manager. The computations were made possible through the computing resources provided by the High-Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), Texas Advance Computing Center (TACC), and the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI ).
Funding Information:
This work is supported by the United States Office of Naval Research under grant ONR N00014-17-1-2676 with Dr. Ki-Han Kim as the program manager. The computations were made possible through the computing resources provided by the High-Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), Texas Advance Computing Center (TACC), and the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Cavitation
- Compressible flows
- Dual-time stepping
- Preconditioning