A three-year multi-wavelength study of the very-high-energy γ-ray blazar 1es 0229+200

E. Aliu; S. Archambault; T. Arlen; T. Aune; B. Behera; M. Beilicke; W. Benbow; K. Berger; R. Bird; A. Bouvier; J. H. Buckley; V. Bugaev; K. Byrum; M. Cerruti; X. Chen; L. Ciupik; M. P. Connolly; W. Cui; C. Duke; J. Dumm; M. Errando; A. Falcone; S. Federici; Q. Feng; J. P. Finley; H. Fleischhack; P. Fortin; L. Fortson; A. Furniss; N. Galante; G. H. Gillanders; S. Griffin; S. T. Griffiths; J. Grube; G. Gyuk; D. Hanna; J. Holder; G. Hughes; T. B. Humensky; C. A. Johnson; P. Kaaret; M. Kertzman; Y. Khassen; D. Kieda; H. Krawczynski; F. Krennrich; M. J. Lang; A. S. Madhavan; G. Maier; P. Majumdar; S. McArthur; A. McCann; K. Meagher; J. Millis; P. Moriarty; R. Mukherjee; D. Nieto; A. O'Faoláin De Bhróithe; R. A. Ong; A. N. Otte; N. Park; J. S. Perkins; M. Pohl; A. Popkow; H. Prokoph; J. Quinn; K. Ragan; L. C. Reyes; P. T. Reynolds; G. T. Richards; E. Roache; G. H. Sembroski; A. W. Smith; D. Staszak; I. Telezhinsky; M. Theiling; A. Varlotta; V. V. Vassiliev; S. Vincent; S. P. Wakely; T. C. Weekes; A. Weinstein; R. Welsing; D. A. Williams; A. Zajczyk; B. Zitzer

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13

A three-year multi-wavelength study of the very-high-energy γ-ray blazar 1es 0229+200

E. Aliu, S. Archambault, T. Arlen, T. Aune, B. Behera, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, K. Berger, R. Bird, A. Bouvier, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, K. Byrum, M. Cerruti, X. Chen, L. Ciupik, M. P. Connolly, W. Cui, C. Duke, J. DummM. Errando, A. Falcone, S. Federici, Q. Feng, J. P. Finley, H. Fleischhack, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, N. Galante, G. H. Gillanders, S. Griffin, S. T. Griffiths, J. Grube, G. Gyuk, D. Hanna, J. Holder, G. Hughes, T. B. Humensky, C. A. Johnson, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, Y. Khassen, D. Kieda, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, A. S. Madhavan, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, S. McArthur, A. McCann, K. Meagher, J. Millis, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, D. Nieto, A. O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, N. Park, J. S. Perkins, M. Pohl, A. Popkow, H. Prokoph, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, G. T. Richards, E. Roache, G. H. Sembroski, A. W. Smith, D. Staszak, I. Telezhinsky, M. Theiling, A. Varlotta, V. V. Vassiliev, S. Vincent, S. P. Wakely, T. C. Weekes, A. Weinstein, R. Welsing, D. A. Williams, A. Zajczyk, B. Zitzer

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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Abstract

The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object 1ES 0229+200 is a relatively distant (z = 0.1396), hard-spectrum (Γ 2.5), very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emitting γ-ray blazar. VHE measurements of this active galactic nucleus have been used to place constraints on the intensity of the extragalactic background light and the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). A multi-wavelength study of this object centered around VHE observations by Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is presented. This study obtained, over a period of three years, an 11.7 standard deviation detection and an average integral flux F(E > 300 GeV) = (23.3 ± 2.8stat ± 5.8sys) × 10^-9 photons m^-2 s ^-1, or 1.7% of the Crab Nebula's flux (assuming the Crab Nebula spectrum measured by H.E.S.S). Supporting observations from Swift and RXTE are analyzed. The Swift observations are combined with previously published Fermi observations and the VHE measurements to produce an overall spectral energy distribution which is then modeled assuming one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton emission. The χ² probability of the TeV flux being constant is 1.6%. This, when considered in combination with measured variability in the X-ray band, and the demonstrated variability of many TeV blazars, suggests that the use of blazars such as 1ES 0229+200 for IGMF studies may not be straightforward and challenges models that attribute hard TeV spectra to secondary γ-ray production along the line of sight.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	13
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	782
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13
State	Published - Feb 10 2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Bristol, Myers, Squibb (SPAIN) supported partially the OpinAR and AfrontAR studies with patients. We thank all the doctors and patients belonging to the Spanish Patients? Forum and to Conartritis who have participated voluntarily in the surveys of the OpinAR and AfrontAR projects. We thank also to Bristol Myers Squibb, Spain, which funded both OpinAR and AfrontAR studies.

Funding Information:
S Castañeda has received trip aids for congresses and grants from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, LILLY, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB. Advisory Board consultation fees from Amgen, LILLY, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: general
diffuse radiation
galaxies: active
gamma rays: general
magnetic fields

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Aliu, E., Archambault, S., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berger, K., Bird, R., Bouvier, A., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Duke, C., ... Zitzer, B. (2014). A three-year multi-wavelength study of the very-high-energy γ-ray blazar 1es 0229+200. Astrophysical Journal, 782(1), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13

Aliu, E, Archambault, S, Arlen, T, Aune, T, Behera, B, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Berger, K, Bird, R, Bouvier, A, Buckley, JH, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cerruti, M, Chen, X, Ciupik, L, Connolly, MP, Cui, W, Duke, C, Dumm, J, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Federici, S, Feng, Q, Finley, JP, Fleischhack, H, Fortin, P, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gillanders, GH, Griffin, S, Griffiths, ST, Grube, J, Gyuk, G, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Hughes, G, Humensky, TB, Johnson, CA, Kaaret, P, Kertzman, M, Khassen, Y, Kieda, D, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, MJ, Madhavan, AS, Maier, G, Majumdar, P, McArthur, S, McCann, A, Meagher, K, Millis, J, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Nieto, D, O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A, Ong, RA, Otte, AN, Park, N, Perkins, JS, Pohl, M, Popkow, A, Prokoph, H, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reyes, LC, Reynolds, PT, Richards, GT, Roache, E, Sembroski, GH, Smith, AW, Staszak, D, Telezhinsky, I, Theiling, M, Varlotta, A, Vassiliev, VV, Vincent, S, Wakely, SP, Weekes, TC, Weinstein, A, Welsing, R, Williams, DA, Zajczyk, A & Zitzer, B 2014, 'A three-year multi-wavelength study of the very-high-energy γ-ray blazar 1es 0229+200', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 782, no. 1, 13. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13

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title = "A three-year multi-wavelength study of the very-high-energy γ-ray blazar 1es 0229+200",

abstract = "The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object 1ES 0229+200 is a relatively distant (z = 0.1396), hard-spectrum (Γ 2.5), very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emitting γ-ray blazar. VHE measurements of this active galactic nucleus have been used to place constraints on the intensity of the extragalactic background light and the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). A multi-wavelength study of this object centered around VHE observations by Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is presented. This study obtained, over a period of three years, an 11.7 standard deviation detection and an average integral flux F(E > 300 GeV) = (23.3 ± 2.8stat ± 5.8sys) × 10-9 photons m-2 s -1, or 1.7% of the Crab Nebula's flux (assuming the Crab Nebula spectrum measured by H.E.S.S). Supporting observations from Swift and RXTE are analyzed. The Swift observations are combined with previously published Fermi observations and the VHE measurements to produce an overall spectral energy distribution which is then modeled assuming one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton emission. The χ2 probability of the TeV flux being constant is 1.6%. This, when considered in combination with measured variability in the X-ray band, and the demonstrated variability of many TeV blazars, suggests that the use of blazars such as 1ES 0229+200 for IGMF studies may not be straightforward and challenges models that attribute hard TeV spectra to secondary γ-ray production along the line of sight.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, diffuse radiation, galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, magnetic fields",

author = "E. Aliu and S. Archambault and T. Arlen and T. Aune and B. Behera and M. Beilicke and W. Benbow and K. Berger and R. Bird and A. Bouvier and Buckley, {J. H.} and V. Bugaev and K. Byrum and M. Cerruti and X. Chen and L. Ciupik and Connolly, {M. P.} and W. Cui and C. Duke and J. Dumm and M. Errando and A. Falcone and S. Federici and Q. Feng and Finley, {J. P.} and H. Fleischhack and P. Fortin and L. Fortson and A. Furniss and N. Galante and Gillanders, {G. H.} and S. Griffin and Griffiths, {S. T.} and J. Grube and G. Gyuk and D. Hanna and J. Holder and G. Hughes and Humensky, {T. B.} and Johnson, {C. A.} and P. Kaaret and M. Kertzman and Y. Khassen and D. Kieda and H. Krawczynski and F. Krennrich and Lang, {M. J.} and Madhavan, {A. S.} and G. Maier and P. Majumdar and S. McArthur and A. McCann and K. Meagher and J. Millis and P. Moriarty and R. Mukherjee and D. Nieto and {O'Faol{\'a}in De Bhr{\'o}ithe}, A. and Ong, {R. A.} and Otte, {A. N.} and N. Park and Perkins, {J. S.} and M. Pohl and A. Popkow and H. Prokoph and J. Quinn and K. Ragan and Reyes, {L. C.} and Reynolds, {P. T.} and Richards, {G. T.} and E. Roache and Sembroski, {G. H.} and Smith, {A. W.} and D. Staszak and I. Telezhinsky and M. Theiling and A. Varlotta and Vassiliev, {V. V.} and S. Vincent and Wakely, {S. P.} and Weekes, {T. C.} and A. Weinstein and R. Welsing and Williams, {D. A.} and A. Zajczyk and B. Zitzer",

note = "Funding Information: Bristol, Myers, Squibb (SPAIN) supported partially the OpinAR and AfrontAR studies with patients. We thank all the doctors and patients belonging to the Spanish Patients? Forum and to Conartritis who have participated voluntarily in the surveys of the OpinAR and AfrontAR projects. We thank also to Bristol Myers Squibb, Spain, which funded both OpinAR and AfrontAR studies. Funding Information: S Casta{\~n}eda has received trip aids for congresses and grants from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, LILLY, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB. Advisory Board consultation fees from Amgen, LILLY, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. ",

year = "2014",

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day = "10",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "782",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - A three-year multi-wavelength study of the very-high-energy γ-ray blazar 1es 0229+200

AU - Aliu, E.

AU - Archambault, S.

AU - Arlen, T.

AU - Aune, T.

AU - Behera, B.

AU - Beilicke, M.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Berger, K.

AU - Bird, R.

AU - Bouvier, A.

AU - Buckley, J. H.

AU - Bugaev, V.

AU - Byrum, K.

AU - Cerruti, M.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Ciupik, L.

AU - Connolly, M. P.

AU - Cui, W.

AU - Duke, C.

AU - Dumm, J.

AU - Errando, M.

AU - Falcone, A.

AU - Federici, S.

AU - Feng, Q.

AU - Finley, J. P.

AU - Fleischhack, H.

AU - Fortin, P.

AU - Fortson, L.

AU - Furniss, A.

AU - Galante, N.

AU - Gillanders, G. H.

AU - Griffin, S.

AU - Griffiths, S. T.

AU - Grube, J.

AU - Gyuk, G.

AU - Hanna, D.

AU - Holder, J.

AU - Hughes, G.

AU - Humensky, T. B.

AU - Johnson, C. A.

AU - Kaaret, P.

AU - Kertzman, M.

AU - Khassen, Y.

AU - Kieda, D.

AU - Krawczynski, H.

AU - Krennrich, F.

AU - Lang, M. J.

AU - Madhavan, A. S.

AU - Maier, G.

AU - Majumdar, P.

AU - McArthur, S.

AU - McCann, A.

AU - Meagher, K.

AU - Millis, J.

AU - Moriarty, P.

AU - Mukherjee, R.

AU - Nieto, D.

AU - O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.

AU - Ong, R. A.

AU - Otte, A. N.

AU - Park, N.

AU - Perkins, J. S.

AU - Pohl, M.

AU - Popkow, A.

AU - Prokoph, H.

AU - Quinn, J.

AU - Ragan, K.

AU - Reyes, L. C.

AU - Reynolds, P. T.

AU - Richards, G. T.

AU - Roache, E.

AU - Sembroski, G. H.

AU - Smith, A. W.

AU - Staszak, D.

AU - Telezhinsky, I.

AU - Theiling, M.

AU - Varlotta, A.

AU - Vassiliev, V. V.

AU - Vincent, S.

AU - Wakely, S. P.

AU - Weekes, T. C.

AU - Weinstein, A.

AU - Welsing, R.

AU - Williams, D. A.

AU - Zajczyk, A.

AU - Zitzer, B.

N1 - Funding Information: Bristol, Myers, Squibb (SPAIN) supported partially the OpinAR and AfrontAR studies with patients. We thank all the doctors and patients belonging to the Spanish Patients? Forum and to Conartritis who have participated voluntarily in the surveys of the OpinAR and AfrontAR projects. We thank also to Bristol Myers Squibb, Spain, which funded both OpinAR and AfrontAR studies. Funding Information: S Castañeda has received trip aids for congresses and grants from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, LILLY, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB. Advisory Board consultation fees from Amgen, LILLY, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

PY - 2014/2/10

Y1 - 2014/2/10

N2 - The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object 1ES 0229+200 is a relatively distant (z = 0.1396), hard-spectrum (Γ 2.5), very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emitting γ-ray blazar. VHE measurements of this active galactic nucleus have been used to place constraints on the intensity of the extragalactic background light and the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). A multi-wavelength study of this object centered around VHE observations by Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is presented. This study obtained, over a period of three years, an 11.7 standard deviation detection and an average integral flux F(E > 300 GeV) = (23.3 ± 2.8stat ± 5.8sys) × 10-9 photons m-2 s -1, or 1.7% of the Crab Nebula's flux (assuming the Crab Nebula spectrum measured by H.E.S.S). Supporting observations from Swift and RXTE are analyzed. The Swift observations are combined with previously published Fermi observations and the VHE measurements to produce an overall spectral energy distribution which is then modeled assuming one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton emission. The χ2 probability of the TeV flux being constant is 1.6%. This, when considered in combination with measured variability in the X-ray band, and the demonstrated variability of many TeV blazars, suggests that the use of blazars such as 1ES 0229+200 for IGMF studies may not be straightforward and challenges models that attribute hard TeV spectra to secondary γ-ray production along the line of sight.

AB - The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object 1ES 0229+200 is a relatively distant (z = 0.1396), hard-spectrum (Γ 2.5), very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emitting γ-ray blazar. VHE measurements of this active galactic nucleus have been used to place constraints on the intensity of the extragalactic background light and the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). A multi-wavelength study of this object centered around VHE observations by Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is presented. This study obtained, over a period of three years, an 11.7 standard deviation detection and an average integral flux F(E > 300 GeV) = (23.3 ± 2.8stat ± 5.8sys) × 10-9 photons m-2 s -1, or 1.7% of the Crab Nebula's flux (assuming the Crab Nebula spectrum measured by H.E.S.S). Supporting observations from Swift and RXTE are analyzed. The Swift observations are combined with previously published Fermi observations and the VHE measurements to produce an overall spectral energy distribution which is then modeled assuming one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton emission. The χ2 probability of the TeV flux being constant is 1.6%. This, when considered in combination with measured variability in the X-ray band, and the demonstrated variability of many TeV blazars, suggests that the use of blazars such as 1ES 0229+200 for IGMF studies may not be straightforward and challenges models that attribute hard TeV spectra to secondary γ-ray production along the line of sight.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - diffuse radiation

KW - galaxies: active

KW - gamma rays: general

KW - magnetic fields

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84893060974&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84893060974&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84893060974

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 782

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 13

ER -

A three-year multi-wavelength study of the very-high-energy γ-ray blazar 1es 0229+200

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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