A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients

A. M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Bickers; M. Bruze; P. Calow; M. L. Dagli; A. D. Fryer; H. Greim; Y. Miyachi; J. H. Saurat; I. G. Sipes

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091

A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients

A. M. Api, D. Belsito, D. Bickers, M. Bruze, P. Calow, M. L. Dagli, A. D. Fryer, H. Greim, Y. Miyachi, J. H. Saurat, I. G. Sipes

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

68 Scopus citations

Abstract

The aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives (AAASAE) group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search of the pertinent data. For high end users, calculated maximum skin exposures vary widely from 0.01% to 4.17%. AAASAE exhibit a common route of primary metabolism by carboxylesterases resulting in the formation of the simple acid and an aryl alkyl alcohol. They have low acute toxicity. No significant toxicity was observed in repeat-dose toxicity tests. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of benzyl alcohol when it was administered in the feed; gavage studies resulted in pancreatic carcinogenesis due to the corn oil vehicle. The AAASAE are not mutagenic in bacterial systems or in vitro in mammalian cells, and have little to no in vivo genotoxicity. Reproductive and developmental toxicity data show no indication of adverse effects on reproductive function and NOELs for maternal and developmental toxicity are far in excess of current exposure levels. The AAASAE are generally not irritating or sensitizing at the current levels of exposure. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns regarding the AAASAE at the current levels of use and exposure.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	S269-S313
Journal	Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume	50
Issue number	SUPPL. 2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091
State	Published - Sep 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, an independent research institute that is funded by the manufacturers of fragrances and consumer products containing fragrances. The authors are all members of the Expert Panel for Fragrance Materials, an independent group of experts who evaluate the safety of fragrance materials.

Keywords

Aryl alkyl alcohol
Fragrance ingredients
Review
Safety
Simple acid ester

Access

10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091

OpenUrl availability

Full text

Cite this

Api, A. M., Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M. L., Fryer, A. D., Greim, H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J. H., & Sipes, I. G. (2012). A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(SUPPL. 2), S269-S313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091

Api, AM, Belsito, D, Bickers, D, Bruze, M, Calow, P, Dagli, ML, Fryer, AD, Greim, H, Miyachi, Y, Saurat, JH & Sipes, IG 2012, 'A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients', Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 50, no. SUPPL. 2, pp. S269-S313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091

@article{b586b5d0a1d9414b8def8fa49b5a5cec,

title = "A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients",

abstract = "The aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives (AAASAE) group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search of the pertinent data. For high end users, calculated maximum skin exposures vary widely from 0.01% to 4.17%. AAASAE exhibit a common route of primary metabolism by carboxylesterases resulting in the formation of the simple acid and an aryl alkyl alcohol. They have low acute toxicity. No significant toxicity was observed in repeat-dose toxicity tests. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of benzyl alcohol when it was administered in the feed; gavage studies resulted in pancreatic carcinogenesis due to the corn oil vehicle. The AAASAE are not mutagenic in bacterial systems or in vitro in mammalian cells, and have little to no in vivo genotoxicity. Reproductive and developmental toxicity data show no indication of adverse effects on reproductive function and NOELs for maternal and developmental toxicity are far in excess of current exposure levels. The AAASAE are generally not irritating or sensitizing at the current levels of exposure. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns regarding the AAASAE at the current levels of use and exposure.",

keywords = "Aryl alkyl alcohol, Fragrance ingredients, Review, Safety, Simple acid ester",

author = "Api, {A. M.} and D. Belsito and D. Bickers and M. Bruze and P. Calow and Dagli, {M. L.} and Fryer, {A. D.} and H. Greim and Y. Miyachi and Saurat, {J. H.} and Sipes, {I. G.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, an independent research institute that is funded by the manufacturers of fragrances and consumer products containing fragrances. The authors are all members of the Expert Panel for Fragrance Materials, an independent group of experts who evaluate the safety of fragrance materials. ",

year = "2012",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "50",

pages = "S269--S313",

journal = "Food and Chemical Toxicology",

issn = "0278-6915",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

number = "SUPPL. 2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients

AU - Api, A. M.

AU - Belsito, D.

AU - Bickers, D.

AU - Bruze, M.

AU - Calow, P.

AU - Dagli, M. L.

AU - Fryer, A. D.

AU - Greim, H.

AU - Miyachi, Y.

AU - Saurat, J. H.

AU - Sipes, I. G.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, an independent research institute that is funded by the manufacturers of fragrances and consumer products containing fragrances. The authors are all members of the Expert Panel for Fragrance Materials, an independent group of experts who evaluate the safety of fragrance materials.

PY - 2012/9

Y1 - 2012/9

N2 - The aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives (AAASAE) group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search of the pertinent data. For high end users, calculated maximum skin exposures vary widely from 0.01% to 4.17%. AAASAE exhibit a common route of primary metabolism by carboxylesterases resulting in the formation of the simple acid and an aryl alkyl alcohol. They have low acute toxicity. No significant toxicity was observed in repeat-dose toxicity tests. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of benzyl alcohol when it was administered in the feed; gavage studies resulted in pancreatic carcinogenesis due to the corn oil vehicle. The AAASAE are not mutagenic in bacterial systems or in vitro in mammalian cells, and have little to no in vivo genotoxicity. Reproductive and developmental toxicity data show no indication of adverse effects on reproductive function and NOELs for maternal and developmental toxicity are far in excess of current exposure levels. The AAASAE are generally not irritating or sensitizing at the current levels of exposure. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns regarding the AAASAE at the current levels of use and exposure.

AB - The aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives (AAASAE) group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search of the pertinent data. For high end users, calculated maximum skin exposures vary widely from 0.01% to 4.17%. AAASAE exhibit a common route of primary metabolism by carboxylesterases resulting in the formation of the simple acid and an aryl alkyl alcohol. They have low acute toxicity. No significant toxicity was observed in repeat-dose toxicity tests. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of benzyl alcohol when it was administered in the feed; gavage studies resulted in pancreatic carcinogenesis due to the corn oil vehicle. The AAASAE are not mutagenic in bacterial systems or in vitro in mammalian cells, and have little to no in vivo genotoxicity. Reproductive and developmental toxicity data show no indication of adverse effects on reproductive function and NOELs for maternal and developmental toxicity are far in excess of current exposure levels. The AAASAE are generally not irritating or sensitizing at the current levels of exposure. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns regarding the AAASAE at the current levels of use and exposure.

KW - Aryl alkyl alcohol

KW - Fragrance ingredients

KW - Review

KW - Safety

KW - Simple acid ester

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84865736611&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84865736611&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091

DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.091

M3 - Review article

C2 - 22407231

AN - SCOPUS:84865736611

SN - 0278-6915

VL - 50

SP - S269-S313

JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology

JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology

IS - SUPPL. 2

ER -

A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access

OpenUrl availability

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this