Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees’ nighttime and daytime sleep

Soomi Lee; David M. Almeida; Lisa Berkman; Ryan Olson; Phyllis Moen; Orfeu M. Buxton

doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.08.004

Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees’ nighttime and daytime sleep

Soomi Lee, David M. Almeida, Lisa Berkman, Ryan Olson, Phyllis Moen, Orfeu M. Buxton

Sociology (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives To examine the effects of a workplace flexibility/support intervention on employees’ sleep quantity and quality during nights and days and whether the effects differ by employee age. Design Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting Information technology industry workplaces. Participants US employees (M_age = 46.9 years) at an information technology firm who provided actigraphy at baseline and a 12-month follow-up (N = 396; n = 195 intervention, n = 201 control). Intervention The Work, Family, and Health Study intervention aimed to increase workplace flexibility and support. The intervention consisted of facilitated discussions to help employees increase control over when and where they work as well as manager-specific training sessions to increase manager support for employees’ work-family issues. Measurements Nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and nap duration were measured with wrist actigraphy. Day-to-day variability in these variables (min²) was also estimated. Results Intervention employees increased nighttime sleep duration at 12 months, by 9 minutes per day, relative to control employees. There were interaction effects between the intervention and age on daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO. Older employees (56-70 years) in the intervention condition decreased nap duration at 12 months relative to older employees in the control condition. Older employees in the intervention condition also exhibited a greater decrease in day-to-day variability of WASO at 12 months compared with their baseline. Conclusions The workplace flexibility/support intervention was effective in enhancing employees’ sleep health by increasing nighttime sleep duration. Furthermore, the intervention was particularly effective for older employees in decreasing their daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	289-296
Number of pages	8
Journal	Sleep Health
Volume	2
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.08.004
State	Published - Dec 1 2016

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This was not an industry supported study. This research was conducted as part of the Work, Family, and Health Network (www.WorkFamilyHealthNetwork.org), which is funded by a cooperative agreement through the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD051217, U01HD051218, U01HD051256, U01HD051276), National Institute on Aging (U01AG027669), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U01OH008788, U01HD059773). Grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL107240), the William T. Grant Foundation, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, and the Administration for Children and Families provided additional funding. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes and offices. No off-label or investigational use is indicated. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.

Funding Information:
This was not an industry supported study. This research was conducted as part of the Work, Family, and Health Network ( www.WorkFamilyHealthNetwork.org ), which is funded by a cooperative agreement through the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( U01HD051217 , U01HD051218 , U01HD051256 , U01HD051276 ), National Institute on Aging ( U01AG027669 ), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( U01OH008788 , U01HD059773 ). Grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute ( R01HL107240 ), the William T. Grant Foundation, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, and the Administration for Children and Families provided additional funding. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes and offices. No off-label or investigational use is indicated. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 National Sleep Foundation.

Keywords

Day-to-day variability in sleep
Nap duration
Nighttime sleep duration
Wake after sleep onset
Workplace intervention

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http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5241086

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title = "Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees{\textquoteright} nighttime and daytime sleep",

abstract = "Objectives To examine the effects of a workplace flexibility/support intervention on employees{\textquoteright} sleep quantity and quality during nights and days and whether the effects differ by employee age. Design Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting Information technology industry workplaces. Participants US employees (Mage = 46.9 years) at an information technology firm who provided actigraphy at baseline and a 12-month follow-up (N = 396; n = 195 intervention, n = 201 control). Intervention The Work, Family, and Health Study intervention aimed to increase workplace flexibility and support. The intervention consisted of facilitated discussions to help employees increase control over when and where they work as well as manager-specific training sessions to increase manager support for employees{\textquoteright} work-family issues. Measurements Nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and nap duration were measured with wrist actigraphy. Day-to-day variability in these variables (min2) was also estimated. Results Intervention employees increased nighttime sleep duration at 12 months, by 9 minutes per day, relative to control employees. There were interaction effects between the intervention and age on daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO. Older employees (56-70 years) in the intervention condition decreased nap duration at 12 months relative to older employees in the control condition. Older employees in the intervention condition also exhibited a greater decrease in day-to-day variability of WASO at 12 months compared with their baseline. Conclusions The workplace flexibility/support intervention was effective in enhancing employees{\textquoteright} sleep health by increasing nighttime sleep duration. Furthermore, the intervention was particularly effective for older employees in decreasing their daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO.",

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author = "Soomi Lee and Almeida, {David M.} and Lisa Berkman and Ryan Olson and Phyllis Moen and Buxton, {Orfeu M.}",

note = "Funding Information: This was not an industry supported study. This research was conducted as part of the Work, Family, and Health Network (www.WorkFamilyHealthNetwork.org), which is funded by a cooperative agreement through the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD051217, U01HD051218, U01HD051256, U01HD051276), National Institute on Aging (U01AG027669), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U01OH008788, U01HD059773). Grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL107240), the William T. Grant Foundation, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, and the Administration for Children and Families provided additional funding. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes and offices. No off-label or investigational use is indicated. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest. Funding Information: This was not an industry supported study. This research was conducted as part of the Work, Family, and Health Network ( www.WorkFamilyHealthNetwork.org ), which is funded by a cooperative agreement through the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( U01HD051217 , U01HD051218 , U01HD051256 , U01HD051276 ), National Institute on Aging ( U01AG027669 ), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( U01OH008788 , U01HD059773 ). Grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute ( R01HL107240 ), the William T. Grant Foundation, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, and the Administration for Children and Families provided additional funding. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes and offices. No off-label or investigational use is indicated. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 National Sleep Foundation.",

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T1 - Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees’ nighttime and daytime sleep

AU - Lee, Soomi

AU - Almeida, David M.

AU - Berkman, Lisa

AU - Olson, Ryan

AU - Moen, Phyllis

AU - Buxton, Orfeu M.

N1 - Funding Information: This was not an industry supported study. This research was conducted as part of the Work, Family, and Health Network (www.WorkFamilyHealthNetwork.org), which is funded by a cooperative agreement through the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD051217, U01HD051218, U01HD051256, U01HD051276), National Institute on Aging (U01AG027669), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U01OH008788, U01HD059773). Grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL107240), the William T. Grant Foundation, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, and the Administration for Children and Families provided additional funding. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes and offices. No off-label or investigational use is indicated. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest. Funding Information: This was not an industry supported study. This research was conducted as part of the Work, Family, and Health Network ( www.WorkFamilyHealthNetwork.org ), which is funded by a cooperative agreement through the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( U01HD051217 , U01HD051218 , U01HD051256 , U01HD051276 ), National Institute on Aging ( U01AG027669 ), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( U01OH008788 , U01HD059773 ). Grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute ( R01HL107240 ), the William T. Grant Foundation, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, and the Administration for Children and Families provided additional funding. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes and offices. No off-label or investigational use is indicated. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 National Sleep Foundation.

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N2 - Objectives To examine the effects of a workplace flexibility/support intervention on employees’ sleep quantity and quality during nights and days and whether the effects differ by employee age. Design Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting Information technology industry workplaces. Participants US employees (Mage = 46.9 years) at an information technology firm who provided actigraphy at baseline and a 12-month follow-up (N = 396; n = 195 intervention, n = 201 control). Intervention The Work, Family, and Health Study intervention aimed to increase workplace flexibility and support. The intervention consisted of facilitated discussions to help employees increase control over when and where they work as well as manager-specific training sessions to increase manager support for employees’ work-family issues. Measurements Nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and nap duration were measured with wrist actigraphy. Day-to-day variability in these variables (min2) was also estimated. Results Intervention employees increased nighttime sleep duration at 12 months, by 9 minutes per day, relative to control employees. There were interaction effects between the intervention and age on daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO. Older employees (56-70 years) in the intervention condition decreased nap duration at 12 months relative to older employees in the control condition. Older employees in the intervention condition also exhibited a greater decrease in day-to-day variability of WASO at 12 months compared with their baseline. Conclusions The workplace flexibility/support intervention was effective in enhancing employees’ sleep health by increasing nighttime sleep duration. Furthermore, the intervention was particularly effective for older employees in decreasing their daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO.

AB - Objectives To examine the effects of a workplace flexibility/support intervention on employees’ sleep quantity and quality during nights and days and whether the effects differ by employee age. Design Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting Information technology industry workplaces. Participants US employees (Mage = 46.9 years) at an information technology firm who provided actigraphy at baseline and a 12-month follow-up (N = 396; n = 195 intervention, n = 201 control). Intervention The Work, Family, and Health Study intervention aimed to increase workplace flexibility and support. The intervention consisted of facilitated discussions to help employees increase control over when and where they work as well as manager-specific training sessions to increase manager support for employees’ work-family issues. Measurements Nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and nap duration were measured with wrist actigraphy. Day-to-day variability in these variables (min2) was also estimated. Results Intervention employees increased nighttime sleep duration at 12 months, by 9 minutes per day, relative to control employees. There were interaction effects between the intervention and age on daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO. Older employees (56-70 years) in the intervention condition decreased nap duration at 12 months relative to older employees in the control condition. Older employees in the intervention condition also exhibited a greater decrease in day-to-day variability of WASO at 12 months compared with their baseline. Conclusions The workplace flexibility/support intervention was effective in enhancing employees’ sleep health by increasing nighttime sleep duration. Furthermore, the intervention was particularly effective for older employees in decreasing their daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO.

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Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees’ nighttime and daytime sleep

Abstract

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