TY - JOUR
T1 - An assessment of the toxicity of phthalate esters to freshwater benthos. 1. Aqueous exposures
AU - Call, Daniel J.
AU - Markee, Thomas P.
AU - Geiger, Dianne L.
AU - Brooke, Larry T.
AU - VandeVenter, Fred A.
AU - Cox, Dean A.
AU - Genisot, Kristen I.
AU - Robillard, Kenneth A.
AU - Gorsuch, Joseph W.
AU - Parkerton, Thomas F.
AU - Reiley, Mary C.
AU - Ankley, Gerald T.
AU - Mount, David R.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Tests were performed with the freshwater invertebrates Hyalella azteca, Chironomus tentans, and Lumbriculus variegatus to determine the acute toxicity of six phthalate esters, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). It was possible to derive 10-d LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% of the population) values only for the four lower molecular weight esters (DMP, DEP, DBP, and BBP), for which toxicity increased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and decreasing water solubility. The LC50 values for DMP, DEP, DBP, and BBP were 28.1, 4.21, 0.63, and 0.46 mg/L for H. azteca; 68.2, 31.0, 2.64, and >1.76 mg/L for C. tentans; and 246, 102, 2.48, and 1.23 mg/L for L. variegatus, respectively. No significant survival reductions were observed when the three species were exposed to either DHP or DEHP at concentrations approximating their water solubilities.
AB - Tests were performed with the freshwater invertebrates Hyalella azteca, Chironomus tentans, and Lumbriculus variegatus to determine the acute toxicity of six phthalate esters, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). It was possible to derive 10-d LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% of the population) values only for the four lower molecular weight esters (DMP, DEP, DBP, and BBP), for which toxicity increased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and decreasing water solubility. The LC50 values for DMP, DEP, DBP, and BBP were 28.1, 4.21, 0.63, and 0.46 mg/L for H. azteca; 68.2, 31.0, 2.64, and >1.76 mg/L for C. tentans; and 246, 102, 2.48, and 1.23 mg/L for L. variegatus, respectively. No significant survival reductions were observed when the three species were exposed to either DHP or DEHP at concentrations approximating their water solubilities.
KW - Benthos
KW - Freshwater
KW - Phthalates
KW - Toxicity
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U2 - 10.1002/etc.5620200825
DO - 10.1002/etc.5620200825
M3 - Article
C2 - 11491565
AN - SCOPUS:0034912538
SN - 0730-7268
VL - 20
SP - 1798
EP - 1804
JO - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
IS - 8
ER -