Association between Objective Activity Intensity and Heart Rate Variability: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Mediation (CARDIA)

Zachary C. Pope; Kelley Pettee Gabriel; Kara M. Whitaker; Lin Y. Chen; Pamela J. Schreiner; David R. Jacobs; Barbara Sternfeld; J. Jeffrey Carr; Donald M. Lloyd-Jones; Mark A. Pereira

doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002259

Association between Objective Activity Intensity and Heart Rate Variability: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Mediation (CARDIA)

Zachary C. Pope, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Kara M. Whitaker, Lin Y. Chen, Pamela J. Schreiner, David R. Jacobs, Barbara Sternfeld, J. Jeffrey Carr, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Mark A. Pereira

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: We evaluated the associations between accelerometer-estimated physical activity (PA) intensity and heart rate variability (HRV) and examined mediation of these associations by glycemic control indices and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: Data were from 1668 participants (X^-_age = 45.9 ± 3.5 yr, 58.0% female, 39.9% black) who participated in year 20 (2005-2006) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Fitness Study. The ActiGraph 7164 estimated participants' mean minutes per day of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and light-intensity PA (LPA) over 7 d. Three sequential 10-s 12-lead ECG strips were used to derive standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of all successive RR intervals (rMSSD) HRV. Mediators representing glycemic control indices included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance, with other mediators being traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Multiple linear regression assessed independent associations of PA intensity with HRV per 1-SD. Mediation analyses computed the proportion of the PA-HRV association attributable to physiological mediators. Results: Participants averaged 2.7 ± 6.2 min·d⁻¹, 33.0 ± 22.0 min·d⁻¹, and 360.2 ± 83.8 min·d⁻¹ of VPA, MPA, and LPA, respectively, with mean values for SDNN (32.6 ± 22.4 ms) and rMSSD (34.0 ± 24.8 ms) similar. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle behaviors, VPA was associated with both HRV metrics (SDNN: std beta = 0.06 [0.03, 0.10]; rMSSD: std beta = 0.08 [0.05, 0.12]) and LPA with rMSSD only (std beta = 0.05 [0.01, 0.08]). Fasting insulin and glucose mediated 11.6% to 20.7% of the association of VPA and LPA with HRV, with triglycerides also potentially mediating these associations (range, 9.6%-13.4%). Conclusions: Accelerometer-estimated VPA was associated with higher (i.e., improved) HRV. Light-intensity PA also demonstrated a positive association. Mediation analyses suggested these associations may be most attributable to glucose-insulin dynamics.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1314-1321
Number of pages	8
Journal	Medicine and science in sports and exercise
Volume	52
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002259
State	Published - Jun 1 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Z. C. P. is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number T32 HL007779. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I & HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I). CARDIA is also partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and an intra-agency agreement between NIA and NHLBI (AG0005). Data for this study were also from the CARDIA Fitness Study which was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL078972). This manuscript has been reviewed by CARDIA for scientific content. Finally, the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by ACSM.

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 by the American College of Sports Medicine

Keywords

CARDIAC AUTONOMIC FUNCTION
FASTING GLUCOSE
FASTING INSULIN
GLYCEMIC CONTROL
HEALTH BEHAVIORS

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1249/MSS.0000000000002259

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Pope, Z. C., Gabriel, K. P., Whitaker, K. M., Chen, L. Y., Schreiner, P. J., Jacobs, D. R., Sternfeld, B., Carr, J. J., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., & Pereira, M. A. (2020). Association between Objective Activity Intensity and Heart Rate Variability: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Mediation (CARDIA). Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 52(6), 1314-1321. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002259

Pope, ZC, Gabriel, KP, Whitaker, KM, Chen, LY , Schreiner, PJ , Jacobs, DR, Sternfeld, B, Carr, JJ, Lloyd-Jones, DM & Pereira, MA 2020, 'Association between Objective Activity Intensity and Heart Rate Variability: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Mediation (CARDIA)', Medicine and science in sports and exercise, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1314-1321. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002259

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abstract = "Purpose: We evaluated the associations between accelerometer-estimated physical activity (PA) intensity and heart rate variability (HRV) and examined mediation of these associations by glycemic control indices and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: Data were from 1668 participants (X-age = 45.9 ± 3.5 yr, 58.0% female, 39.9% black) who participated in year 20 (2005-2006) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Fitness Study. The ActiGraph 7164 estimated participants' mean minutes per day of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and light-intensity PA (LPA) over 7 d. Three sequential 10-s 12-lead ECG strips were used to derive standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of all successive RR intervals (rMSSD) HRV. Mediators representing glycemic control indices included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance, with other mediators being traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Multiple linear regression assessed independent associations of PA intensity with HRV per 1-SD. Mediation analyses computed the proportion of the PA-HRV association attributable to physiological mediators. Results: Participants averaged 2.7 ± 6.2 min·d−1, 33.0 ± 22.0 min·d−1, and 360.2 ± 83.8 min·d−1 of VPA, MPA, and LPA, respectively, with mean values for SDNN (32.6 ± 22.4 ms) and rMSSD (34.0 ± 24.8 ms) similar. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle behaviors, VPA was associated with both HRV metrics (SDNN: std beta = 0.06 [0.03, 0.10]; rMSSD: std beta = 0.08 [0.05, 0.12]) and LPA with rMSSD only (std beta = 0.05 [0.01, 0.08]). Fasting insulin and glucose mediated 11.6% to 20.7% of the association of VPA and LPA with HRV, with triglycerides also potentially mediating these associations (range, 9.6%-13.4%). Conclusions: Accelerometer-estimated VPA was associated with higher (i.e., improved) HRV. Light-intensity PA also demonstrated a positive association. Mediation analyses suggested these associations may be most attributable to glucose-insulin dynamics.",

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note = "Funding Information: Z. C. P. is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number T32 HL007779. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I & HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I). CARDIA is also partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and an intra-agency agreement between NIA and NHLBI (AG0005). Data for this study were also from the CARDIA Fitness Study which was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL078972). This manuscript has been reviewed by CARDIA for scientific content. Finally, the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by ACSM. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 by the American College of Sports Medicine",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between Objective Activity Intensity and Heart Rate Variability

T2 - Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Mediation (CARDIA)

AU - Pope, Zachary C.

AU - Gabriel, Kelley Pettee

AU - Whitaker, Kara M.

AU - Chen, Lin Y.

AU - Schreiner, Pamela J.

AU - Jacobs, David R.

AU - Sternfeld, Barbara

AU - Carr, J. Jeffrey

AU - Lloyd-Jones, Donald M.

AU - Pereira, Mark A.

N1 - Funding Information: Z. C. P. is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number T32 HL007779. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I & HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I). CARDIA is also partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and an intra-agency agreement between NIA and NHLBI (AG0005). Data for this study were also from the CARDIA Fitness Study which was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL078972). This manuscript has been reviewed by CARDIA for scientific content. Finally, the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by ACSM. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2020 by the American College of Sports Medicine

PY - 2020/6/1

Y1 - 2020/6/1

N2 - Purpose: We evaluated the associations between accelerometer-estimated physical activity (PA) intensity and heart rate variability (HRV) and examined mediation of these associations by glycemic control indices and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: Data were from 1668 participants (X-age = 45.9 ± 3.5 yr, 58.0% female, 39.9% black) who participated in year 20 (2005-2006) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Fitness Study. The ActiGraph 7164 estimated participants' mean minutes per day of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and light-intensity PA (LPA) over 7 d. Three sequential 10-s 12-lead ECG strips were used to derive standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of all successive RR intervals (rMSSD) HRV. Mediators representing glycemic control indices included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance, with other mediators being traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Multiple linear regression assessed independent associations of PA intensity with HRV per 1-SD. Mediation analyses computed the proportion of the PA-HRV association attributable to physiological mediators. Results: Participants averaged 2.7 ± 6.2 min·d−1, 33.0 ± 22.0 min·d−1, and 360.2 ± 83.8 min·d−1 of VPA, MPA, and LPA, respectively, with mean values for SDNN (32.6 ± 22.4 ms) and rMSSD (34.0 ± 24.8 ms) similar. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle behaviors, VPA was associated with both HRV metrics (SDNN: std beta = 0.06 [0.03, 0.10]; rMSSD: std beta = 0.08 [0.05, 0.12]) and LPA with rMSSD only (std beta = 0.05 [0.01, 0.08]). Fasting insulin and glucose mediated 11.6% to 20.7% of the association of VPA and LPA with HRV, with triglycerides also potentially mediating these associations (range, 9.6%-13.4%). Conclusions: Accelerometer-estimated VPA was associated with higher (i.e., improved) HRV. Light-intensity PA also demonstrated a positive association. Mediation analyses suggested these associations may be most attributable to glucose-insulin dynamics.

AB - Purpose: We evaluated the associations between accelerometer-estimated physical activity (PA) intensity and heart rate variability (HRV) and examined mediation of these associations by glycemic control indices and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: Data were from 1668 participants (X-age = 45.9 ± 3.5 yr, 58.0% female, 39.9% black) who participated in year 20 (2005-2006) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Fitness Study. The ActiGraph 7164 estimated participants' mean minutes per day of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and light-intensity PA (LPA) over 7 d. Three sequential 10-s 12-lead ECG strips were used to derive standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of all successive RR intervals (rMSSD) HRV. Mediators representing glycemic control indices included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance, with other mediators being traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Multiple linear regression assessed independent associations of PA intensity with HRV per 1-SD. Mediation analyses computed the proportion of the PA-HRV association attributable to physiological mediators. Results: Participants averaged 2.7 ± 6.2 min·d−1, 33.0 ± 22.0 min·d−1, and 360.2 ± 83.8 min·d−1 of VPA, MPA, and LPA, respectively, with mean values for SDNN (32.6 ± 22.4 ms) and rMSSD (34.0 ± 24.8 ms) similar. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle behaviors, VPA was associated with both HRV metrics (SDNN: std beta = 0.06 [0.03, 0.10]; rMSSD: std beta = 0.08 [0.05, 0.12]) and LPA with rMSSD only (std beta = 0.05 [0.01, 0.08]). Fasting insulin and glucose mediated 11.6% to 20.7% of the association of VPA and LPA with HRV, with triglycerides also potentially mediating these associations (range, 9.6%-13.4%). Conclusions: Accelerometer-estimated VPA was associated with higher (i.e., improved) HRV. Light-intensity PA also demonstrated a positive association. Mediation analyses suggested these associations may be most attributable to glucose-insulin dynamics.

KW - CARDIAC AUTONOMIC FUNCTION

KW - FASTING GLUCOSE

KW - FASTING INSULIN

KW - GLYCEMIC CONTROL

KW - HEALTH BEHAVIORS

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Association between Objective Activity Intensity and Heart Rate Variability: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Mediation (CARDIA)

Abstract

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Keywords

UN SDGs

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