Abstract
Biomarkers of exposure, which are usually metabolites of specific carcinogens or toxicants, can provide an objective assessment of exposure to these compounds in cigarette smokers or e-Cigarette users. This chapter reviews biomarkers of exposure commonly used in studies of cigarette smoking including exhaled carbon monoxide, nicotine and its metabolites, tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolites, metals, and metabolites or protein addition products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatiles, and aromatic amines. Levels of most of these substances are generally lower in the urine of e-Cigarette users than in cigarette smokers, while levels of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine are frequently comparable in the plasma, urine, and saliva of e-Cigarette users and cigarette smokers.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes |
Subtitle of host publication | From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 59-73 |
Number of pages | 15 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780128112427 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780128112410 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2017 |
Keywords
- Biomarker
- Cigarette smokers
- Cotinine
- E-Cigarette
- Nicotine
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
- Volatile toxicants and carcinogens