Biomarkers of exposure among usa adult hookah users: Results from wave 1 of the population assessment of tobacco and health (path) study (2013–2014)

Mark J. Travers, Cheryl Rivard, Eva Sharma, Sandra Retzky, Berran Yucesoy, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Cassandra A. Stanton, Jiping Chen, Priscilla Callahan-Lyon, Heather L. Kimmel, Baoyun Xia, Yuesong Wang, Connie S. Sosnoff, Víctor R. De Jesús, Benjamin C. Blount, Stephen S. Hecht, Andrew Hyland

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Abstract

Hookah smoking has become common in the USA, especially among young adults. This study measured biomarkers of exposure to known tobacco product toxicants in a population-based sample of exclusive, established hookah users. Urinary biomarker data from 1753 adults in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were used to compare geometric mean concentrations of biomarkers of exposure in exclusive, established past 30-day hookah users to never users of tobacco. Geometric mean ratios were calculated comparing hookah user groups with never users adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, past 30-day marijuana use, secondhand smoke exposure and creatinine. Past 30-day hookah users (n = 98) had 10.6 times the urinary cotinine level of never tobacco users. Compared to never tobacco users, past 30-day hookah users had 2.3 times the level of the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 1.3 times higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 3hydroxyfluorene and 1-hydroxypyrene, 1.8 times higher levels of acrylonitrile, 1.3 times higher levels of acrylamide, and 1.2 times higher levels of acrolein exposure. These data indicate that hookah use is a significant source of exposure to nicotine, carcinogens, and respiratory toxicants.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number6403
Pages (from-to)1-16
Number of pages16
JournalInternational journal of environmental research and public health
Volume17
Issue number17
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This manuscript is supported with Federal funds from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, and the Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract to Westat (Contract Nos. HHSN271201100027C and HHSN271201600001C). M.G. receives fees for serving on an advisory board from Johnson & Johnson and grant support from Pfizer. Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to the participants who have volunteered to be a part of the PATH Study and make this work possible. The PATH Study would also not be possible without the scientific collaboration of National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, the Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, the Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Westat.

Funding Information:
Funding: This manuscript is supported with Federal funds from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, and the Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract to Westat (Contract Nos. HHSN271201100027C and HHSN271201600001C). M.G. receives fees for serving on an advisory board from Johnson & Johnson and grant support from Pfizer.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

  • Biomarkers 2
  • Hookah 1
  • Tobacco 3

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