Abstract
Bioinspired by the aligned structure and building blocks of bone, this work mineralized the aligned bacterial cellulose (BC) through in situ mineralization using CaCl2 and K2HPO4 solutions. The cellulose nanofibers were aligned by a scalable stretching process. The aligned and mineralized bacterial cellulose (AMBC) homogeneously incorporated hydroxyapatite (HAP) with a high mineral content and exhibited excellent mechanical strength. The ordered 3D structure allowed the AMBC composite to achieve a high elastic modulus and hardness and the development of a nanostructure inspired by natural bone. The AMBC composite exhibited an elastic modulus of 10.91 ± 3.26 GPa and hardness of 0.37 ± 0.18 GPa. Compared with the nonaligned mineralized bacterial cellulose (NMBC) composite with mineralized crystals of HAP randomly distributed into the BC scaffolds, the AMBC composite possessed a 210% higher elastic modulus and 95% higher hardness. The obtained AMBC composite had excellent mechanical properties by mimicking the natural structure of bone, which indicated that the organic BC aerogel with aligned nanofibers was a promising template for biomimetic mineralization.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 42486-42495 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces |
Volume | 11 |
Issue number | 45 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 13 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:H.Z. acknowledges the financial support from NSF ECCSEPMD: 1933051. We thank the Kostas Research Institute at Northeastern University for the use of their facilities and Dr. David Nedrelow for his technical support during nanoindentation tests.
Funding Information:
H.Z. acknowledges the financial support from NSF ECCSEPMD: 1933051. We thank the Kostas Research Institute at Northeastern University for the use of their facilities and Dr. David Nedrelow for his technical support during nanoindentation tests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Chemical Society.
Keywords
- alignment
- bacterial nanocellulose
- biomimetic mineralization
- hardness
- hydroxyapatite composite