Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor that accounts for ~80 % of all liver cancer cases worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease caused by a variety of risk factors and often develops in the background of underlying cirrhosis. A number of cellular phenomena, such as tumor microenvironment, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia act in concert with various molecular events to facilitate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. The emergence of microRNAs and molecular-targeted therapies adds a new dimension in our efforts to combat this deadly disease. Intense research in this multitude of areas has led to significant progress in our understanding of cellular processes and molecular mechanisms that occur during multistage events that lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of HCC, focusing mainly on advances that have occurred during the past 5 years and on the development of novel therapeutics for liver cancer.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 227-247 |
Number of pages | 21 |
Journal | Archives of Toxicology |
Volume | 87 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 2013 |
Bibliographical note
Copyright:Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Keywords
- Cancer stem cell
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Liver cancer
- Targeted therapy
- microRNA