TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in the intestinal bacterial community, short-chain fatty acid profile, and intestinal development of preweaned Holstein calves. 2. Effects of gastrointestinal site and age
AU - Castro, J. J.
AU - Gomez, A.
AU - White, B.
AU - Loften, J. R.
AU - Drackley, J. K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Dairy Science Association
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - The objective of this work was to assess the effects of age and gastrointestinal location (rumen vs. colon) on bacterial community diversity and composition, as well as short-chain fatty acid profiles of preruminant male Holstein calves on an intensive milk replacer feeding program. Thirty-two calves were fed at 2% of their body weight (dry matter basis) from d 10 until harvest. Sixteen calves were euthanized at 2 wk and another 16 at 4 wk of age to collect digesta samples from the rumen and colon. The rumen and colon bacterial communities of preruminant calves showed a similar degree of diversity (i.e., Shannon index) whereas composition differed considerably. The colonic bacterial population was characterized by dominance of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium. In addition, colonic short-chain fatty acid and lactic acid concentrations were between 50 and 850% higher than in the rumen, indicating greater fermentative activity in the colon. On the other hand, in the rumen, no genus over-dominated and more variation was present among calves. Because of an active reticular groove and low starter grain intake during the first 1 to 3 wk of life, ruminal fermentation may not contribute to significant metabolizable energy supply until after 4 wk of life in intensively fed calves. Until then, calf hindgut fermentation, characterized by high abundance of lactic acid bacteria along with increased lactate and butyrate concentrations, could be beneficial for intestinal health and survival of the calf during the first weeks of life.
AB - The objective of this work was to assess the effects of age and gastrointestinal location (rumen vs. colon) on bacterial community diversity and composition, as well as short-chain fatty acid profiles of preruminant male Holstein calves on an intensive milk replacer feeding program. Thirty-two calves were fed at 2% of their body weight (dry matter basis) from d 10 until harvest. Sixteen calves were euthanized at 2 wk and another 16 at 4 wk of age to collect digesta samples from the rumen and colon. The rumen and colon bacterial communities of preruminant calves showed a similar degree of diversity (i.e., Shannon index) whereas composition differed considerably. The colonic bacterial population was characterized by dominance of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium. In addition, colonic short-chain fatty acid and lactic acid concentrations were between 50 and 850% higher than in the rumen, indicating greater fermentative activity in the colon. On the other hand, in the rumen, no genus over-dominated and more variation was present among calves. Because of an active reticular groove and low starter grain intake during the first 1 to 3 wk of life, ruminal fermentation may not contribute to significant metabolizable energy supply until after 4 wk of life in intensively fed calves. Until then, calf hindgut fermentation, characterized by high abundance of lactic acid bacteria along with increased lactate and butyrate concentrations, could be beneficial for intestinal health and survival of the calf during the first weeks of life.
KW - calf
KW - gut health
KW - pyrosequencing
KW - short-chain fatty acids
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U2 - 10.3168/jds.2016-11007
DO - 10.3168/jds.2016-11007
M3 - Article
C2 - 27720148
AN - SCOPUS:84992159517
SN - 0022-0302
VL - 99
SP - 9703
EP - 9715
JO - Journal of Dairy Science
JF - Journal of Dairy Science
IS - 12
ER -