TY - JOUR
T1 - Cognitive training in mental disorders
T2 - Update and future directions
AU - Keshavan, Matcheri S.
AU - Vinogradov, Sophia
AU - Rumsey, Judith
AU - Sherrill, Joel
AU - Wagner, Ann
PY - 2014/5/1
Y1 - 2014/5/1
N2 - Objective: This article reviews the conceptual basis, definitions, and evolution of cognitive training approaches for the treatment of mental disorders. Method: The authors review the current state of the knowledge on cognitive training in psychiatric illnesses, and its neural and behavioral targets, and summarize the factors that appear to relate to a successful response, including learner characteristics that influence clinical outcome. They also discuss methodological issues relevant to the development and testing of cognitive training approaches, with the goal of creating maximally efficient and effective approaches to training. Finally, they identify gaps in existing knowledge and outline key research directions for the future. Results: While much of the early research has been conducted in schizophrenia, cognitive training has more recently been applied to a widening range of neuropsychiatric illnesses, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders, and substance use disorders. Cognitive training harnesses the inherent neuroplastic capacities of the brain, targeting neural system function across psychiatric disorders, thus improving the cognitive processes that play a role in emotion regulation, clinical symptoms, and adaptive community functioning. Conclusions: Cognitive training offers considerable promise, especially given the limited efficacy of pharmacological interventions in ameliorating cognitive deficits. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying cognitive training, predictors of response, generalization and real-world applicability, and approaches to dissemination in practice settings.
AB - Objective: This article reviews the conceptual basis, definitions, and evolution of cognitive training approaches for the treatment of mental disorders. Method: The authors review the current state of the knowledge on cognitive training in psychiatric illnesses, and its neural and behavioral targets, and summarize the factors that appear to relate to a successful response, including learner characteristics that influence clinical outcome. They also discuss methodological issues relevant to the development and testing of cognitive training approaches, with the goal of creating maximally efficient and effective approaches to training. Finally, they identify gaps in existing knowledge and outline key research directions for the future. Results: While much of the early research has been conducted in schizophrenia, cognitive training has more recently been applied to a widening range of neuropsychiatric illnesses, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders, and substance use disorders. Cognitive training harnesses the inherent neuroplastic capacities of the brain, targeting neural system function across psychiatric disorders, thus improving the cognitive processes that play a role in emotion regulation, clinical symptoms, and adaptive community functioning. Conclusions: Cognitive training offers considerable promise, especially given the limited efficacy of pharmacological interventions in ameliorating cognitive deficits. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying cognitive training, predictors of response, generalization and real-world applicability, and approaches to dissemination in practice settings.
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U2 - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13081075
DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13081075
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24700194
AN - SCOPUS:84899733397
SN - 0002-953X
VL - 171
SP - 510
EP - 522
JO - American Journal of Psychiatry
JF - American Journal of Psychiatry
IS - 5
ER -