Detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy

F. Acero; F. Aharonian; A. G. Akhperjanian; G. Anton; U. De Barres Almeida; A. R. Bazer-Bachi; Y. Becherini; B. Behera; K. Bernlöhr; A. Bochow; C. Boisson; J. Bolmont; V. Borrel; J. Brucker; F. Brun; P. Brun; R. Bühler; T. Bulik; I. Büsching; T. Boutelier; P. M. Chadwick; A. Charbonnier; R. C G Chaves; A. Cheesebrough; L. M. Chounet; A. C. Clapson; G. Coignet; M. Dalton; M. K. Daniel; I. D. Davids; B. Degrange; C. Deil; H. J. Dickinson; A. Djannati-Ataï; W. Domainko; L. O'C Drury; F. Dubois; G. Dubus; J. Dyks; M. Dyrda; K. Egberts; D. Emmanoulopoulos; P. Espigat; C. Farnier; S. Fegan; F. Feinstein; A. Fiasson; A. Förster; G. Fontaine; M. Füßling; S. Gabici; Y. A. Gallant; L. Gérard; D. Gerbig; B. Giebels; J. F. Glicenstein; B. Glück; P. Goret; D. Goring; D. Hauser; M. Hauser; S. Heinz; G. Heinzelmann; G. Henri; G. Hermann; J. A. Hinten; A. Hoffmann; W. Hofmann; P. Hofverberg; S. Hoppe; D. Horns; A. Jacholkowska; O. C. De Jager; C. Jahn; I. Jung; K. Katarzynski; U. Katz; S. Kaufmann; M. Kerschhaggl; D. Khangulyan; B. Khélifi; D. Keogh; D. Klochkov; W. Kluzniak; T. Kneiske; Nu Komin; K. Kosack; R. Kossakowski; G. Lamanna; J. P. Lenain; T. Lohse; V. Marandon; O. Martineau-Huynh; A. Marcowith; J. Masbou; D. Maurin; T. J L McComb; M. C. Medina; J. Méhault; R. Moderski; E. Moulin; M. Naumann-Godo; M. De Naurois; D. Nedbal; D. Nekrassov; B. Nicholas; J. Niemiec; S. J. Nolan; S. Ohm; J. F. Olive; E. De Oña Wilhelmi; K. J. Orford; M. Ostrowski; M. Panter; M. Paz Arribas; G. Pedaletti; G. Pelletier; P. O. Petrucci; S. Pita; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; A. Ouirrenbach; B. C. Raubenheimer; M. Raue; S. M. Rayner; O. Reimer; M. Renaud; F. Rieger; J. Ripken; L. Rob; S. Rosier-Lees; G. Rowell; B. Rudak; C. B. Rulten; J. Ruppel; V. Sahakian; A. Santangelo; R. Schlickeiser; F. M. Schock; U. Schwanke; S. Schwarzburg; S. Schwemmer; A. Shalchi; M. Sikora; J. L. Skilton; H. Sol; L. Stawarz; R. Steenkamp; C. Stegmann; F. Stinzing; G. Superina; A. Szostek; P. H. Tam; J. P. Tavernet; R. Terrier; O. Tibolla; M. Tluczykont; C. Van Eldik; G. Vasileiadis; C. Venter; L. Venter; J. P. Vialle; P. Vincent; M. Vivier; H. J. Völk; F. Volpe; S. J. Wagner; M. Ward; A. A. Zdziarski; A. Zech

doi:10.1126/science.1178826

Detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy

F. Acero, F. Aharonian, A. G. Akhperjanian, G. Anton, U. De Barres Almeida, A. R. Bazer-Bachi, Y. Becherini, B. Behera, K. Bernlöhr, A. Bochow, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, V. Borrel, J. Brucker, F. Brun, P. Brun, R. Bühler, T. Bulik, I. Büsching, T. BoutelierP. M. Chadwick, A. Charbonnier, R. C G Chaves, A. Cheesebrough, L. M. Chounet, A. C. Clapson, G. Coignet, M. Dalton, M. K. Daniel, I. D. Davids, B. Degrange, C. Deil, H. J. Dickinson, A. Djannati-Ataï, W. Domainko, L. O'C Drury, F. Dubois, G. Dubus, J. Dyks, M. Dyrda, K. Egberts, D. Emmanoulopoulos, P. Espigat, C. Farnier, S. Fegan, F. Feinstein, A. Fiasson, A. Förster, G. Fontaine, M. Füßling, S. Gabici, Y. A. Gallant, L. Gérard, D. Gerbig, B. Giebels, J. F. Glicenstein, B. Glück, P. Goret, D. Goring, D. Hauser, M. Hauser, S. Heinz, G. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, J. A. Hinten, A. Hoffmann, W. Hofmann, P. Hofverberg, S. Hoppe, D. Horns, A. Jacholkowska, O. C. De Jager, C. Jahn, I. Jung, K. Katarzynski, U. Katz, S. Kaufmann, M. Kerschhaggl, D. Khangulyan, B. Khélifi, D. Keogh, D. Klochkov, W. Kluzniak, T. Kneiske, Nu Komin, K. Kosack, R. Kossakowski, G. Lamanna, J. P. Lenain, T. Lohse, V. Marandon, O. Martineau-Huynh, A. Marcowith, J. Masbou, D. Maurin, T. J L McComb, M. C. Medina, J. Méhault, R. Moderski, E. Moulin, M. Naumann-Godo, M. De Naurois, D. Nedbal, D. Nekrassov, B. Nicholas, J. Niemiec, S. J. Nolan, S. Ohm, J. F. Olive, E. De Oña Wilhelmi, K. J. Orford, M. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Paz Arribas, G. Pedaletti, G. Pelletier, P. O. Petrucci, S. Pita, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Ouirrenbach, B. C. Raubenheimer, M. Raue, S. M. Rayner, O. Reimer, M. Renaud, F. Rieger, J. Ripken, L. Rob, S. Rosier-Lees, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, C. B. Rulten, J. Ruppel, V. Sahakian, A. Santangelo, R. Schlickeiser, F. M. Schock, U. Schwanke, S. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, A. Shalchi, M. Sikora, J. L. Skilton, H. Sol, L. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, F. Stinzing, G. Superina, A. Szostek, P. H. Tam, J. P. Tavernet, R. Terrier, O. Tibolla, M. Tluczykont, C. Van Eldik, G. Vasileiadis, C. Venter, L. Venter, J. P. Vialle, P. Vincent, M. Vivier, H. J. Völk, F. Volpe, S. J. Wagner, M. Ward, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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194 Scopus citations

Abstract

Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of -10¹⁵ electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays-tracers of such cosmic rays-from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 = 1.0_stat ± 2.8_sys) x 10 ^-13 cm^-2 s^-1, implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1080-1082
Number of pages	3
Journal	Science
Volume	326
Issue number	5956
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178826
State	Published - Nov 20 2009

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Acero, F., Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Anton, G., De Barres Almeida, U., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Becherini, Y., Behera, B., Bernlöhr, K., Bochow, A., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borrel, V., Brucker, J., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bühler, R., Bulik, T., Büsching, I., ... Zech, A. (2009). Detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy. Science, 326(5956), 1080-1082. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178826

Acero, F, Aharonian, F, Akhperjanian, AG, Anton, G, De Barres Almeida, U, Bazer-Bachi, AR, Becherini, Y, Behera, B, Bernlöhr, K, Bochow, A, Boisson, C, Bolmont, J, Borrel, V, Brucker, J, Brun, F, Brun, P, Bühler, R, Bulik, T, Büsching, I, Boutelier, T, Chadwick, PM, Charbonnier, A, Chaves, RCG, Cheesebrough, A, Chounet, LM, Clapson, AC, Coignet, G, Dalton, M, Daniel, MK, Davids, ID, Degrange, B, Deil, C, Dickinson, HJ, Djannati-Ataï, A, Domainko, W, O'C Drury, L, Dubois, F, Dubus, G, Dyks, J, Dyrda, M, Egberts, K, Emmanoulopoulos, D, Espigat, P, Farnier, C, Fegan, S, Feinstein, F, Fiasson, A, Förster, A, Fontaine, G, Füßling, M, Gabici, S, Gallant, YA, Gérard, L, Gerbig, D, Giebels, B, Glicenstein, JF, Glück, B, Goret, P, Goring, D, Hauser, D, Hauser, M, Heinz, S, Heinzelmann, G, Henri, G, Hermann, G, Hinten, JA, Hoffmann, A, Hofmann, W, Hofverberg, P, Hoppe, S, Horns, D, Jacholkowska, A, De Jager, OC, Jahn, C, Jung, I, Katarzynski, K, Katz, U, Kaufmann, S, Kerschhaggl, M, Khangulyan, D, Khélifi, B, Keogh, D, Klochkov, D, Kluzniak, W, Kneiske, T, Komin, N, Kosack, K, Kossakowski, R, Lamanna, G, Lenain, JP, Lohse, T, Marandon, V, Martineau-Huynh, O, Marcowith, A, Masbou, J, Maurin, D, McComb, TJL, Medina, MC, Méhault, J, Moderski, R, Moulin, E, Naumann-Godo, M, De Naurois, M, Nedbal, D, Nekrassov, D, Nicholas, B, Niemiec, J, Nolan, SJ, Ohm, S, Olive, JF, De Oña Wilhelmi, E, Orford, KJ, Ostrowski, M, Panter, M, Paz Arribas, M, Pedaletti, G, Pelletier, G, Petrucci, PO, Pita, S, Pühlhofer, G, Punch, M, Ouirrenbach, A, Raubenheimer, BC, Raue, M, Rayner, SM, Reimer, O, Renaud, M, Rieger, F, Ripken, J, Rob, L, Rosier-Lees, S, Rowell, G, Rudak, B, Rulten, CB, Ruppel, J, Sahakian, V, Santangelo, A, Schlickeiser, R, Schock, FM, Schwanke, U, Schwarzburg, S, Schwemmer, S, Shalchi, A, Sikora, M, Skilton, JL, Sol, H, Stawarz, L, Steenkamp, R, Stegmann, C, Stinzing, F, Superina, G, Szostek, A, Tam, PH, Tavernet, JP, Terrier, R, Tibolla, O, Tluczykont, M, Van Eldik, C, Vasileiadis, G, Venter, C, Venter, L, Vialle, JP, Vincent, P, Vivier, M, Völk, HJ, Volpe, F, Wagner, SJ, Ward, M, Zdziarski, AA & Zech, A 2009, 'Detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy', Science, vol. 326, no. 5956, pp. 1080-1082. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178826

@article{6087e61229e740a5985a4c834e0c57f6,

title = "Detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy",

abstract = "Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of -1015 electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays-tracers of such cosmic rays-from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 = 1.0stat ± 2.8sys) x 10 -13 cm-2 s-1, implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy.",

author = "F. Acero and F. Aharonian and Akhperjanian, {A. G.} and G. Anton and {De Barres Almeida}, U. and Bazer-Bachi, {A. R.} and Y. Becherini and B. Behera and K. Bernl{\"o}hr and A. Bochow and C. Boisson and J. Bolmont and V. Borrel and J. Brucker and F. Brun and P. Brun and R. B{\"u}hler and T. Bulik and I. B{\"u}sching and T. Boutelier and Chadwick, {P. M.} and A. Charbonnier and Chaves, {R. C G} and A. Cheesebrough and Chounet, {L. M.} and Clapson, {A. C.} and G. Coignet and M. Dalton and Daniel, {M. K.} and Davids, {I. D.} and B. Degrange and C. Deil and Dickinson, {H. J.} and A. Djannati-Ata{\"i} and W. Domainko and {O'C Drury}, L. and F. Dubois and G. Dubus and J. Dyks and M. Dyrda and K. Egberts and D. Emmanoulopoulos and P. Espigat and C. Farnier and S. Fegan and F. Feinstein and A. Fiasson and A. F{\"o}rster and G. Fontaine and M. F{\"u}{\ss}ling and S. Gabici and Gallant, {Y. A.} and L. G{\'e}rard and D. Gerbig and B. Giebels and Glicenstein, {J. F.} and B. Gl{\"u}ck and P. Goret and D. Goring and D. Hauser and M. Hauser and S. Heinz and G. Heinzelmann and G. Henri and G. Hermann and Hinten, {J. A.} and A. Hoffmann and W. Hofmann and P. Hofverberg and S. Hoppe and D. Horns and A. Jacholkowska and {De Jager}, {O. C.} and C. Jahn and I. Jung and K. Katarzynski and U. Katz and S. Kaufmann and M. Kerschhaggl and D. Khangulyan and B. Kh{\'e}lifi and D. Keogh and D. Klochkov and W. Kluzniak and T. Kneiske and Nu Komin and K. Kosack and R. Kossakowski and G. Lamanna and Lenain, {J. P.} and T. Lohse and V. Marandon and O. Martineau-Huynh and A. Marcowith and J. Masbou and D. Maurin and McComb, {T. J L} and Medina, {M. C.} and J. M{\'e}hault and R. Moderski and E. Moulin and M. Naumann-Godo and {De Naurois}, M. and D. Nedbal and D. Nekrassov and B. Nicholas and J. Niemiec and Nolan, {S. J.} and S. Ohm and Olive, {J. F.} and {De O{\~n}a Wilhelmi}, E. and Orford, {K. J.} and M. Ostrowski and M. Panter and {Paz Arribas}, M. and G. Pedaletti and G. Pelletier and Petrucci, {P. O.} and S. Pita and G. P{\"u}hlhofer and M. Punch and A. Ouirrenbach and Raubenheimer, {B. C.} and M. Raue and Rayner, {S. M.} and O. Reimer and M. Renaud and F. Rieger and J. Ripken and L. Rob and S. Rosier-Lees and G. Rowell and B. Rudak and Rulten, {C. B.} and J. Ruppel and V. Sahakian and A. Santangelo and R. Schlickeiser and Schock, {F. M.} and U. Schwanke and S. Schwarzburg and S. Schwemmer and A. Shalchi and M. Sikora and Skilton, {J. L.} and H. Sol and L. Stawarz and R. Steenkamp and C. Stegmann and F. Stinzing and G. Superina and A. Szostek and Tam, {P. H.} and Tavernet, {J. P.} and R. Terrier and O. Tibolla and M. Tluczykont and {Van Eldik}, C. and G. Vasileiadis and C. Venter and L. Venter and Vialle, {J. P.} and P. Vincent and M. Vivier and V{\"o}lk, {H. J.} and F. Volpe and Wagner, {S. J.} and M. Ward and Zdziarski, {A. A.} and A. Zech",

year = "2009",

month = nov,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1126/science.1178826",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "326",

pages = "1080--1082",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "5956",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy

AU - Acero, F.

AU - Aharonian, F.

AU - Akhperjanian, A. G.

AU - Anton, G.

AU - De Barres Almeida, U.

AU - Bazer-Bachi, A. R.

AU - Becherini, Y.

AU - Behera, B.

AU - Bernlöhr, K.

AU - Bochow, A.

AU - Boisson, C.

AU - Bolmont, J.

AU - Borrel, V.

AU - Brucker, J.

AU - Brun, F.

AU - Brun, P.

AU - Bühler, R.

AU - Bulik, T.

AU - Büsching, I.

AU - Boutelier, T.

AU - Chadwick, P. M.

AU - Charbonnier, A.

AU - Chaves, R. C G

AU - Cheesebrough, A.

AU - Chounet, L. M.

AU - Clapson, A. C.

AU - Coignet, G.

AU - Dalton, M.

AU - Daniel, M. K.

AU - Davids, I. D.

AU - Degrange, B.

AU - Deil, C.

AU - Dickinson, H. J.

AU - Djannati-Ataï, A.

AU - Domainko, W.

AU - O'C Drury, L.

AU - Dubois, F.

AU - Dubus, G.

AU - Dyks, J.

AU - Dyrda, M.

AU - Egberts, K.

AU - Emmanoulopoulos, D.

AU - Espigat, P.

AU - Farnier, C.

AU - Fegan, S.

AU - Feinstein, F.

AU - Fiasson, A.

AU - Förster, A.

AU - Fontaine, G.

AU - Füßling, M.

AU - Gabici, S.

AU - Gallant, Y. A.

AU - Gérard, L.

AU - Gerbig, D.

AU - Giebels, B.

AU - Glicenstein, J. F.

AU - Glück, B.

AU - Goret, P.

AU - Goring, D.

AU - Hauser, D.

AU - Hauser, M.

AU - Heinz, S.

AU - Heinzelmann, G.

AU - Henri, G.

AU - Hermann, G.

AU - Hinten, J. A.

AU - Hoffmann, A.

AU - Hofmann, W.

AU - Hofverberg, P.

AU - Hoppe, S.

AU - Horns, D.

AU - Jacholkowska, A.

AU - De Jager, O. C.

AU - Jahn, C.

AU - Jung, I.

AU - Katarzynski, K.

AU - Katz, U.

AU - Kaufmann, S.

AU - Kerschhaggl, M.

AU - Khangulyan, D.

AU - Khélifi, B.

AU - Keogh, D.

AU - Klochkov, D.

AU - Kluzniak, W.

AU - Kneiske, T.

AU - Komin, Nu

AU - Kosack, K.

AU - Kossakowski, R.

AU - Lamanna, G.

AU - Lenain, J. P.

AU - Lohse, T.

AU - Marandon, V.

AU - Martineau-Huynh, O.

AU - Marcowith, A.

AU - Masbou, J.

AU - Maurin, D.

AU - McComb, T. J L

AU - Medina, M. C.

AU - Méhault, J.

AU - Moderski, R.

AU - Moulin, E.

AU - Naumann-Godo, M.

AU - De Naurois, M.

AU - Nedbal, D.

AU - Nekrassov, D.

AU - Nicholas, B.

AU - Niemiec, J.

AU - Nolan, S. J.

AU - Ohm, S.

AU - Olive, J. F.

AU - De Oña Wilhelmi, E.

AU - Orford, K. J.

AU - Ostrowski, M.

AU - Panter, M.

AU - Paz Arribas, M.

AU - Pedaletti, G.

AU - Pelletier, G.

AU - Petrucci, P. O.

AU - Pita, S.

AU - Pühlhofer, G.

AU - Punch, M.

AU - Ouirrenbach, A.

AU - Raubenheimer, B. C.

AU - Raue, M.

AU - Rayner, S. M.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Renaud, M.

AU - Rieger, F.

AU - Ripken, J.

AU - Rob, L.

AU - Rosier-Lees, S.

AU - Rowell, G.

AU - Rudak, B.

AU - Rulten, C. B.

AU - Ruppel, J.

AU - Sahakian, V.

AU - Santangelo, A.

AU - Schlickeiser, R.

AU - Schock, F. M.

AU - Schwanke, U.

AU - Schwarzburg, S.

AU - Schwemmer, S.

AU - Shalchi, A.

AU - Sikora, M.

AU - Skilton, J. L.

AU - Sol, H.

AU - Stawarz, L.

AU - Steenkamp, R.

AU - Stegmann, C.

AU - Stinzing, F.

AU - Superina, G.

AU - Szostek, A.

AU - Tam, P. H.

AU - Tavernet, J. P.

AU - Terrier, R.

AU - Tibolla, O.

AU - Tluczykont, M.

AU - Van Eldik, C.

AU - Vasileiadis, G.

AU - Venter, C.

AU - Venter, L.

AU - Vialle, J. P.

AU - Vincent, P.

AU - Vivier, M.

AU - Völk, H. J.

AU - Volpe, F.

AU - Wagner, S. J.

AU - Ward, M.

AU - Zdziarski, A. A.

AU - Zech, A.

PY - 2009/11/20

Y1 - 2009/11/20

N2 - Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of -1015 electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays-tracers of such cosmic rays-from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 = 1.0stat ± 2.8sys) x 10 -13 cm-2 s-1, implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy.

AB - Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of -1015 electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays-tracers of such cosmic rays-from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 = 1.0stat ± 2.8sys) x 10 -13 cm-2 s-1, implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70450182967&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=70450182967&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/science.1178826

DO - 10.1126/science.1178826

M3 - Article

C2 - 19779150

AN - SCOPUS:70450182967

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 326

SP - 1080

EP - 1082

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 5956

ER -

Detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy

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