Diagnostic accuracy and agreement across three depression assessment measures for Parkinson's disease

Alexander W. Thompson; Honghu Liu; Ron D. Hays; Wayne J. Katon; Rebecca Rausch; Natalie Diaz; Erin L. Jacob; Stefanie D. Vassar; Barbara G. Vickrey

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.10.007

Diagnostic accuracy and agreement across three depression assessment measures for Parkinson's disease

Alexander W. Thompson, Honghu Liu, Ron D. Hays, Wayne J. Katon, Rebecca Rausch, Natalie Diaz, Erin L. Jacob, Stefanie D. Vassar, Barbara G. Vickrey

Pediatrics - Pediatric Epidemiology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: To assess diagnostic accuracy of two self-administered depression measures compared to an interviewer-administered measure in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to analyze clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with disagreement among the three depression assessment tools. Methods: We assessed 214 PD subjects using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV depression module (SCID). Diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-9 and GDS-15 compared to the SCID was evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze factors associated with measure disagreement. We compared item agreement between the PHQ-9 and SCID to test the hypothesis that there would be less agreement between items assessing depression symptoms overlapping with common PD symptoms, compared to items having minimal overlap with PD manifestations. Results: Compared to SCID diagnosis of major depression, PHQ-9 sensitivity is 50% and specificity is 93%; GDS-15 sensitivity is 43% and specificity is 96%. The GDS-15 has 85% sensitivity and 79% specificity and the PHQ-9 has 54% sensitivity and 85% specificity compared to SCID diagnosis of minor or major depression. The PHQ-9 and SCID show more agreement on items unrelated to PD manifestations. Pain was the only factor associated with disagreement between the SCID and PHQ-9. Conclusion: Compared to the PHQ-9, the GDS-15 had higher sensitivity and similar positive predictive value, suggesting it is a superior screening tool in clinical applications for PD. On future depression screening or diagnostic instruments, consideration should be given to excluding depression items overlapping with PD manifestations.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	40-45
Number of pages	6
Journal	Parkinsonism and Related Disorders
Volume	17
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.10.007
State	Published - Jan 2011

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We appreciate the work of research assistants Michelle Ornelas, Cristina Ruiz, and Nadia Ruiz who collected the bulk of these study data. We would also like to acknowledge Jeff Bronstein and Yvette Bordelon for UPDRS and Hoehn and Yahr data collection, Jurgen Unutzer for depression measure selection, and Beate Ritz for planning and execution of data collection. The PEG study originally identifying the subjects was supported by NIEHS ES10544 (PI: Ritz). The research presented here was supported by NIH/NINDS NS038367 for the UCLA UDALL Parkinson’s Disease Center of Excellence and by the Veteran’s Administration through its Southwest Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center (PADRECC) . Ron Hays was supported in part by the UCLA Resource Center for Minority Aging Research/Center for Health Improvement in Minority Elderly (RCMAR/CHIME) , NIH/NIA Grant Award Number P30AG021684 , the UCLA/Drew Project EXPORT, NCMHD , 2P20MD000182 , and the UCLA Older Americans Independence Center , NIH/NIA Grant P30-AG028748 .

Keywords

GDS
Geriatric Depression Scale
PHQ-9
Patient Health Questionnaire-9
SCID

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title = "Diagnostic accuracy and agreement across three depression assessment measures for Parkinson's disease",

abstract = "Purpose: To assess diagnostic accuracy of two self-administered depression measures compared to an interviewer-administered measure in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to analyze clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with disagreement among the three depression assessment tools. Methods: We assessed 214 PD subjects using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV depression module (SCID). Diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-9 and GDS-15 compared to the SCID was evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze factors associated with measure disagreement. We compared item agreement between the PHQ-9 and SCID to test the hypothesis that there would be less agreement between items assessing depression symptoms overlapping with common PD symptoms, compared to items having minimal overlap with PD manifestations. Results: Compared to SCID diagnosis of major depression, PHQ-9 sensitivity is 50% and specificity is 93%; GDS-15 sensitivity is 43% and specificity is 96%. The GDS-15 has 85% sensitivity and 79% specificity and the PHQ-9 has 54% sensitivity and 85% specificity compared to SCID diagnosis of minor or major depression. The PHQ-9 and SCID show more agreement on items unrelated to PD manifestations. Pain was the only factor associated with disagreement between the SCID and PHQ-9. Conclusion: Compared to the PHQ-9, the GDS-15 had higher sensitivity and similar positive predictive value, suggesting it is a superior screening tool in clinical applications for PD. On future depression screening or diagnostic instruments, consideration should be given to excluding depression items overlapping with PD manifestations.",

keywords = "GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale, PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, SCID",

author = "Thompson, {Alexander W.} and Honghu Liu and Hays, {Ron D.} and Katon, {Wayne J.} and Rebecca Rausch and Natalie Diaz and Jacob, {Erin L.} and Vassar, {Stefanie D.} and Vickrey, {Barbara G.}",

note = "Funding Information: We appreciate the work of research assistants Michelle Ornelas, Cristina Ruiz, and Nadia Ruiz who collected the bulk of these study data. We would also like to acknowledge Jeff Bronstein and Yvette Bordelon for UPDRS and Hoehn and Yahr data collection, Jurgen Unutzer for depression measure selection, and Beate Ritz for planning and execution of data collection. The PEG study originally identifying the subjects was supported by NIEHS ES10544 (PI: Ritz). The research presented here was supported by NIH/NINDS NS038367 for the UCLA UDALL Parkinson{\textquoteright}s Disease Center of Excellence and by the Veteran{\textquoteright}s Administration through its Southwest Parkinson{\textquoteright}s Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center (PADRECC) . Ron Hays was supported in part by the UCLA Resource Center for Minority Aging Research/Center for Health Improvement in Minority Elderly (RCMAR/CHIME) , NIH/NIA Grant Award Number P30AG021684 , the UCLA/Drew Project EXPORT, NCMHD , 2P20MD000182 , and the UCLA Older Americans Independence Center , NIH/NIA Grant P30-AG028748 .",

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AU - Liu, Honghu

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AU - Katon, Wayne J.

AU - Rausch, Rebecca

AU - Diaz, Natalie

AU - Jacob, Erin L.

AU - Vassar, Stefanie D.

AU - Vickrey, Barbara G.

N1 - Funding Information: We appreciate the work of research assistants Michelle Ornelas, Cristina Ruiz, and Nadia Ruiz who collected the bulk of these study data. We would also like to acknowledge Jeff Bronstein and Yvette Bordelon for UPDRS and Hoehn and Yahr data collection, Jurgen Unutzer for depression measure selection, and Beate Ritz for planning and execution of data collection. The PEG study originally identifying the subjects was supported by NIEHS ES10544 (PI: Ritz). The research presented here was supported by NIH/NINDS NS038367 for the UCLA UDALL Parkinson’s Disease Center of Excellence and by the Veteran’s Administration through its Southwest Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center (PADRECC) . Ron Hays was supported in part by the UCLA Resource Center for Minority Aging Research/Center for Health Improvement in Minority Elderly (RCMAR/CHIME) , NIH/NIA Grant Award Number P30AG021684 , the UCLA/Drew Project EXPORT, NCMHD , 2P20MD000182 , and the UCLA Older Americans Independence Center , NIH/NIA Grant P30-AG028748 .

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N2 - Purpose: To assess diagnostic accuracy of two self-administered depression measures compared to an interviewer-administered measure in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to analyze clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with disagreement among the three depression assessment tools. Methods: We assessed 214 PD subjects using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV depression module (SCID). Diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-9 and GDS-15 compared to the SCID was evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze factors associated with measure disagreement. We compared item agreement between the PHQ-9 and SCID to test the hypothesis that there would be less agreement between items assessing depression symptoms overlapping with common PD symptoms, compared to items having minimal overlap with PD manifestations. Results: Compared to SCID diagnosis of major depression, PHQ-9 sensitivity is 50% and specificity is 93%; GDS-15 sensitivity is 43% and specificity is 96%. The GDS-15 has 85% sensitivity and 79% specificity and the PHQ-9 has 54% sensitivity and 85% specificity compared to SCID diagnosis of minor or major depression. The PHQ-9 and SCID show more agreement on items unrelated to PD manifestations. Pain was the only factor associated with disagreement between the SCID and PHQ-9. Conclusion: Compared to the PHQ-9, the GDS-15 had higher sensitivity and similar positive predictive value, suggesting it is a superior screening tool in clinical applications for PD. On future depression screening or diagnostic instruments, consideration should be given to excluding depression items overlapping with PD manifestations.

AB - Purpose: To assess diagnostic accuracy of two self-administered depression measures compared to an interviewer-administered measure in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to analyze clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with disagreement among the three depression assessment tools. Methods: We assessed 214 PD subjects using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV depression module (SCID). Diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-9 and GDS-15 compared to the SCID was evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze factors associated with measure disagreement. We compared item agreement between the PHQ-9 and SCID to test the hypothesis that there would be less agreement between items assessing depression symptoms overlapping with common PD symptoms, compared to items having minimal overlap with PD manifestations. Results: Compared to SCID diagnosis of major depression, PHQ-9 sensitivity is 50% and specificity is 93%; GDS-15 sensitivity is 43% and specificity is 96%. The GDS-15 has 85% sensitivity and 79% specificity and the PHQ-9 has 54% sensitivity and 85% specificity compared to SCID diagnosis of minor or major depression. The PHQ-9 and SCID show more agreement on items unrelated to PD manifestations. Pain was the only factor associated with disagreement between the SCID and PHQ-9. Conclusion: Compared to the PHQ-9, the GDS-15 had higher sensitivity and similar positive predictive value, suggesting it is a superior screening tool in clinical applications for PD. On future depression screening or diagnostic instruments, consideration should be given to excluding depression items overlapping with PD manifestations.

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Diagnostic accuracy and agreement across three depression assessment measures for Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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