Diffusion in the gas phase: The effects of ambient pressure and gas composition

C. V. Paganelli; A. Ar; H. Rahn; O. D. Wangensteen

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(75)90001-8

Diffusion in the gas phase: The effects of ambient pressure and gas composition

C. V. Paganelli, A. Ar, H. Rahn, O. D. Wangensteen

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Abstract

Gas transport across the pores of a hen's egg shell occurs by a process of diffusion in the gas phase and for any particular gas depends upon its diffusion coefficient and the pore geometry. The egg shell is thus a convenient model for measuring the diffusive permeability of the shell to a given gas species when its diffusion coefficient is altered by either a change in ambient pressure or by changing the second gas in the diffusion pathway. In this study the permeability of the shell to water vapor and O₂ was inversely proportional to ambient pressures over the range of 06 to 8 atmospheres- absolute (ata). The permeability of the shell to water vapor in a He environment (K_{H_2O}, _He) was 2.4 times K_{H_2O}, _air. If K_O₂, _N₂ ls taken as unity, the permeabilities of the shell to O₂ in He, Ar, CO, and Sf(, are 3.38, 0.95, 0.88, and 0.52, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of the Chapman-Enskog equation, from which binary diffusion coefficients can be predicted for given gas pairs and ambient pressures. These results also provide possible explanations for the structural modification of egg shells in altitude-adapted chickens, and for the reduced insensible water loss in man at high ambient pressure.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	247-258
Number of pages	12
Journal	Respiration Physiology
Volume	25
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(75)90001-8
State	Published - Dec 1975
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Accepted for publication 16 July 1975. ’ This study was aided in part by Contract NOOO14-68-A-0216, (NR lOl-722), between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the State University of New York at Buffalo, and in part by NIH Grant 5 PO1 HL 14414. 2 Present address: Depqrtment of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Ramat-Aviv, Israel. 3 Present address: Department of Physiology, 424 Millard Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455, U.S.A.

Keywords

Egg shell permeability Pressure Gas composition Water vapor diffusion Oxygen diffusion

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title = "Diffusion in the gas phase: The effects of ambient pressure and gas composition",

abstract = "Gas transport across the pores of a hen's egg shell occurs by a process of diffusion in the gas phase and for any particular gas depends upon its diffusion coefficient and the pore geometry. The egg shell is thus a convenient model for measuring the diffusive permeability of the shell to a given gas species when its diffusion coefficient is altered by either a change in ambient pressure or by changing the second gas in the diffusion pathway. In this study the permeability of the shell to water vapor and O2 was inversely proportional to ambient pressures over the range of 06 to 8 atmospheres- absolute (ata). The permeability of the shell to water vapor in a He environment (KH2O, He) was 2.4 times KH2O, air. If KO2, N2 ls taken as unity, the permeabilities of the shell to O2 in He, Ar, CO, and Sf(, are 3.38, 0.95, 0.88, and 0.52, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of the Chapman-Enskog equation, from which binary diffusion coefficients can be predicted for given gas pairs and ambient pressures. These results also provide possible explanations for the structural modification of egg shells in altitude-adapted chickens, and for the reduced insensible water loss in man at high ambient pressure.",

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note = "Funding Information: Accepted for publication 16 July 1975. {\textquoteright} This study was aided in part by Contract NOOO14-68-A-0216, (NR lOl-722), between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the State University of New York at Buffalo, and in part by NIH Grant 5 PO1 HL 14414. 2 Present address: Depqrtment of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Ramat-Aviv, Israel. 3 Present address: Department of Physiology, 424 Millard Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455, U.S.A.",

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AU - Rahn, H.

AU - Wangensteen, O. D.

N1 - Funding Information: Accepted for publication 16 July 1975. ’ This study was aided in part by Contract NOOO14-68-A-0216, (NR lOl-722), between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the State University of New York at Buffalo, and in part by NIH Grant 5 PO1 HL 14414. 2 Present address: Depqrtment of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Ramat-Aviv, Israel. 3 Present address: Department of Physiology, 424 Millard Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455, U.S.A.

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N2 - Gas transport across the pores of a hen's egg shell occurs by a process of diffusion in the gas phase and for any particular gas depends upon its diffusion coefficient and the pore geometry. The egg shell is thus a convenient model for measuring the diffusive permeability of the shell to a given gas species when its diffusion coefficient is altered by either a change in ambient pressure or by changing the second gas in the diffusion pathway. In this study the permeability of the shell to water vapor and O2 was inversely proportional to ambient pressures over the range of 06 to 8 atmospheres- absolute (ata). The permeability of the shell to water vapor in a He environment (KH2O, He) was 2.4 times KH2O, air. If KO2, N2 ls taken as unity, the permeabilities of the shell to O2 in He, Ar, CO, and Sf(, are 3.38, 0.95, 0.88, and 0.52, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of the Chapman-Enskog equation, from which binary diffusion coefficients can be predicted for given gas pairs and ambient pressures. These results also provide possible explanations for the structural modification of egg shells in altitude-adapted chickens, and for the reduced insensible water loss in man at high ambient pressure.

AB - Gas transport across the pores of a hen's egg shell occurs by a process of diffusion in the gas phase and for any particular gas depends upon its diffusion coefficient and the pore geometry. The egg shell is thus a convenient model for measuring the diffusive permeability of the shell to a given gas species when its diffusion coefficient is altered by either a change in ambient pressure or by changing the second gas in the diffusion pathway. In this study the permeability of the shell to water vapor and O2 was inversely proportional to ambient pressures over the range of 06 to 8 atmospheres- absolute (ata). The permeability of the shell to water vapor in a He environment (KH2O, He) was 2.4 times KH2O, air. If KO2, N2 ls taken as unity, the permeabilities of the shell to O2 in He, Ar, CO, and Sf(, are 3.38, 0.95, 0.88, and 0.52, respectively. The results are interpreted in terms of the Chapman-Enskog equation, from which binary diffusion coefficients can be predicted for given gas pairs and ambient pressures. These results also provide possible explanations for the structural modification of egg shells in altitude-adapted chickens, and for the reduced insensible water loss in man at high ambient pressure.

KW - Egg shell permeability Pressure Gas composition Water vapor diffusion Oxygen diffusion

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Diffusion in the gas phase: The effects of ambient pressure and gas composition

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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