Abstract
While increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, increased N deposition, and changes in plant diversity have all been shown to significantly alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, the effects of these factors have never been studied simultaneously and in combination. We studied the response of soil C and N dynamics to changes in atmospheric CO2 (ambient, 560 ppm), N fertilization (0, 4 g N m-2 yr-1), plant species number (1, 4 species), and plant functional group number (1, 4 groups; all with 4 species) in a grassland field experiment in Minnesota, USA. During the fourth season of treatments, we used laboratory incubations to assess soil C pool sizes and dynamics and net N mineralization, and determined microbial C and N and total soil C and N. Elevated CO2 increased labile C and microbial biomass, but had no effect on net N mineralization, respiration of more recalcitrant C, or total soil C and N. Nitrogen fertilization increased net N mineralization, because of faster decomposition or less immobilization by litter with higher N concentrations. In the four species plots, N fertilization also increased total soil C and N, likely because greater litter production more than offset any increases in decomposition. Increasing the species number from one to four increased C respiration that could largely be attributed to greater soil C inputs from increased biomass accumulation, but reduced net N mineralization, likely because of greater immobilization in the more productive four-species plots. An increase in functional group number did not affect any of the soil parameters measured. While elevated CO2, N fertilization, and increased species number all increased plant biomass accumulation, they had divergent effects on soil C and N dynamics.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 41-52 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Plant and Soil |
Volume | 272 |
Issue number | 1-2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2005 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the NSF LTER Program (DEB-0080382). We thank Jason West and Joe Craine for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, Chinelo Njaka, Jenny Goth, Jared Trost and many undergraduate interns for field and lab work, and Steve Bauer and Jason Neff for help with chemical analyses.
Keywords
- FACE experiment
- Labile C
- Microbial biomass
- Net nitrogen mineralization
- Plant productivity
- Species richness