DON content in oat grains in Norway related to weather conditions at different growth stages

Anne Grete Roer Hjelkrem; Torfinn Torp; Guro Brodal; Heidi Udnes Aamot; Einar Strand; Berit Nordskog; Ruth Dill-Macky; Simon G. Edwards; Ingerd Skow Hofgaard

doi:10.1007/s10658-016-1113-5

DON content in oat grains in Norway related to weather conditions at different growth stages

Anne Grete Roer Hjelkrem, Torfinn Torp, Guro Brodal, Heidi Udnes Aamot, Einar Strand, Berit Nordskog, Ruth Dill-Macky, Simon G. Edwards, Ingerd Skow Hofgaard

Plant Pathology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

High concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium graminearum have occurred frequently in Norwegian oats recently. Early prediction of DON levels is important for farmers, authorities and the Cereal Industry. In this study, the main weather factors influencing mycotoxin accumulation were identified and two models to predict the risk of DON in oat grains in Norway were developed: (1) as a warning system for farmers to decide if and when to treat with fungicide, and (2) for authorities and industry to use at harvest to identify potential food safety problems. Oat grain samples from farmers’ fields were collected together with weather data (2004–2013). A mathematical model was developed and used to estimate phenology windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Weather summarisations were then calculated within these windows, and the Spearman rank correlation factor calculated between DON-contamination in oats at harvest and the weather summarisations for each phenological window. DON contamination was most clearly associated with the weather conditions around flowering and close to harvest. Warm, rainy and humid weather during and around flowering increased the risk of DON accumulation in oats, as did dry periods during germination/seedling growth and tillering. Prior to harvest, warm and humid weather conditions followed by cool and dry conditions were associated with a decreased risk of DON accumulation. A prediction model, including only pre-flowering weather conditions, adequately forecasted risk of DON contamination in oat, and can aid in decisions about fungicide treatments.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	577-594
Number of pages	18
Journal	European Journal of Plant Pathology
Volume	148
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-1113-5
State	Published - Jul 1 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We acknowledge all farmers who supplied grain samples. We also thank the workers at the different elevators and at the Norwegian Agricultural Extension Service, who have coordinated and supplied grain samples. Thanks to the staff at KIMEN Seed Laboratory for cleaning and milling the grain. This work was funded by: the Research Council of Norway (research grant 173277/I10 and 199412/I99), the Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products/Agricultural Agreement Research Fund, Felleskjøpet Agri, Nordisk Korn/Fiskå Mølle, Norgesfôr/Strand Unikorn, Bayer Crop Science, Felleskjøpet Rogaland og Agder, Norgesmøllene, Braskereidfoss Kornsilo, Flisa Mølle og Kornsilo, Norkorn, Lantmännen Cerealia and NIBIO. Field data for the development of the oat phenology model were obtained from The Nordic Field Trial System.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, The Author(s).

Keywords

Deoxynivalenol
Phenological development
Spearman rank correlation factor

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https://hau.collections.crest.ac.uk/14627/1/Simon%20Edwards%20DON%20content%20in%20oat%20grains%2017%20Nov%2016%20upload.pdf

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title = "DON content in oat grains in Norway related to weather conditions at different growth stages",

abstract = "High concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium graminearum have occurred frequently in Norwegian oats recently. Early prediction of DON levels is important for farmers, authorities and the Cereal Industry. In this study, the main weather factors influencing mycotoxin accumulation were identified and two models to predict the risk of DON in oat grains in Norway were developed: (1) as a warning system for farmers to decide if and when to treat with fungicide, and (2) for authorities and industry to use at harvest to identify potential food safety problems. Oat grain samples from farmers{\textquoteright} fields were collected together with weather data (2004–2013). A mathematical model was developed and used to estimate phenology windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Weather summarisations were then calculated within these windows, and the Spearman rank correlation factor calculated between DON-contamination in oats at harvest and the weather summarisations for each phenological window. DON contamination was most clearly associated with the weather conditions around flowering and close to harvest. Warm, rainy and humid weather during and around flowering increased the risk of DON accumulation in oats, as did dry periods during germination/seedling growth and tillering. Prior to harvest, warm and humid weather conditions followed by cool and dry conditions were associated with a decreased risk of DON accumulation. A prediction model, including only pre-flowering weather conditions, adequately forecasted risk of DON contamination in oat, and can aid in decisions about fungicide treatments.",

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author = "Hjelkrem, {Anne Grete Roer} and Torfinn Torp and Guro Brodal and Aamot, {Heidi Udnes} and Einar Strand and Berit Nordskog and Ruth Dill-Macky and Edwards, {Simon G.} and Hofgaard, {Ingerd Skow}",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge all farmers who supplied grain samples. We also thank the workers at the different elevators and at the Norwegian Agricultural Extension Service, who have coordinated and supplied grain samples. Thanks to the staff at KIMEN Seed Laboratory for cleaning and milling the grain. This work was funded by: the Research Council of Norway (research grant 173277/I10 and 199412/I99), the Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products/Agricultural Agreement Research Fund, Felleskj{\o}pet Agri, Nordisk Korn/Fisk{\aa} M{\o}lle, Norgesf{\^o}r/Strand Unikorn, Bayer Crop Science, Felleskj{\o}pet Rogaland og Agder, Norgesm{\o}llene, Braskereidfoss Kornsilo, Flisa M{\o}lle og Kornsilo, Norkorn, Lantm{\"a}nnen Cerealia and NIBIO. Field data for the development of the oat phenology model were obtained from The Nordic Field Trial System. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016, The Author(s).",

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AU - Hjelkrem, Anne Grete Roer

AU - Torp, Torfinn

AU - Brodal, Guro

AU - Aamot, Heidi Udnes

AU - Strand, Einar

AU - Nordskog, Berit

AU - Dill-Macky, Ruth

AU - Edwards, Simon G.

AU - Hofgaard, Ingerd Skow

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge all farmers who supplied grain samples. We also thank the workers at the different elevators and at the Norwegian Agricultural Extension Service, who have coordinated and supplied grain samples. Thanks to the staff at KIMEN Seed Laboratory for cleaning and milling the grain. This work was funded by: the Research Council of Norway (research grant 173277/I10 and 199412/I99), the Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products/Agricultural Agreement Research Fund, Felleskjøpet Agri, Nordisk Korn/Fiskå Mølle, Norgesfôr/Strand Unikorn, Bayer Crop Science, Felleskjøpet Rogaland og Agder, Norgesmøllene, Braskereidfoss Kornsilo, Flisa Mølle og Kornsilo, Norkorn, Lantmännen Cerealia and NIBIO. Field data for the development of the oat phenology model were obtained from The Nordic Field Trial System. Publisher Copyright: © 2016, The Author(s).

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N2 - High concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium graminearum have occurred frequently in Norwegian oats recently. Early prediction of DON levels is important for farmers, authorities and the Cereal Industry. In this study, the main weather factors influencing mycotoxin accumulation were identified and two models to predict the risk of DON in oat grains in Norway were developed: (1) as a warning system for farmers to decide if and when to treat with fungicide, and (2) for authorities and industry to use at harvest to identify potential food safety problems. Oat grain samples from farmers’ fields were collected together with weather data (2004–2013). A mathematical model was developed and used to estimate phenology windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Weather summarisations were then calculated within these windows, and the Spearman rank correlation factor calculated between DON-contamination in oats at harvest and the weather summarisations for each phenological window. DON contamination was most clearly associated with the weather conditions around flowering and close to harvest. Warm, rainy and humid weather during and around flowering increased the risk of DON accumulation in oats, as did dry periods during germination/seedling growth and tillering. Prior to harvest, warm and humid weather conditions followed by cool and dry conditions were associated with a decreased risk of DON accumulation. A prediction model, including only pre-flowering weather conditions, adequately forecasted risk of DON contamination in oat, and can aid in decisions about fungicide treatments.

AB - High concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium graminearum have occurred frequently in Norwegian oats recently. Early prediction of DON levels is important for farmers, authorities and the Cereal Industry. In this study, the main weather factors influencing mycotoxin accumulation were identified and two models to predict the risk of DON in oat grains in Norway were developed: (1) as a warning system for farmers to decide if and when to treat with fungicide, and (2) for authorities and industry to use at harvest to identify potential food safety problems. Oat grain samples from farmers’ fields were collected together with weather data (2004–2013). A mathematical model was developed and used to estimate phenology windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Weather summarisations were then calculated within these windows, and the Spearman rank correlation factor calculated between DON-contamination in oats at harvest and the weather summarisations for each phenological window. DON contamination was most clearly associated with the weather conditions around flowering and close to harvest. Warm, rainy and humid weather during and around flowering increased the risk of DON accumulation in oats, as did dry periods during germination/seedling growth and tillering. Prior to harvest, warm and humid weather conditions followed by cool and dry conditions were associated with a decreased risk of DON accumulation. A prediction model, including only pre-flowering weather conditions, adequately forecasted risk of DON contamination in oat, and can aid in decisions about fungicide treatments.

KW - Deoxynivalenol

KW - Phenological development

KW - Spearman rank correlation factor

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DON content in oat grains in Norway related to weather conditions at different growth stages

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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