Early deformation in the Svecokarelian greenstone belt of the Kiruna iron district, northern Sweden

The Proterozoic iron ores of the Kiruna district, northern Sweden, occur as discontinous lenses of magnetite and hematite up to 4 kilometers in length within a sequence of felsic porphyries. The association of low-grade felsic volcanics and sedimentary rocks with basaltic pillow lavas and granitic rocks shows a strong similarity to typical Archean greenstone belts. Primary younging indicators, bedding/cleavage relationships, and minor fold symmetries through the district suggest that the area occupies the eastern limb of a major antiform, cored by granitic rocks to the west. A steep regional cleavage, inhomogeneously developed through the district, suggests one major episode of compressional deformation. The cleavage and associated flattened clasts indicate a compression direction plunging 10°WNW. Elongate clasts, boudins, and fibrous veins indicate a strong extension plunging 60°SSE, parallel to fold hinge lines. Boudinage of the major ore bodies to produce their present distribution is compatible with the estimated strain of a single deformation. Diapirism is suggested as a likely explanation of the observed strain patterns.