TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of flaxseed consumption on urinary levels of estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women
AU - Sturgeon, Susan R.
AU - Volpe, Stella L.
AU - Puleo, Elaine
AU - Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth R.
AU - Heersink, Joanna
AU - Sabelawski, Sara
AU - Wahala, Kristina
AU - Bigelow, Carol
AU - Kurzer, Mindy S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by a grant from the United States Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program (grant DAMD17-02-1-0470-1).
PY - 2010/2
Y1 - 2010/2
N2 - Flaxseed is a rich source of dietary lignans. It has been hypothesized that lignans may decrease breast cancer risk through modulation of endogenous hormone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flaxseed supplementation on urinary levels of estrogen metabolites that may be involved in the development of breast cancer. Forty-three postmenopausal women participated in this 12-wk preintervention-postintervention study. Participants consumed 7.5 g/day of ground flaxseed for 6 wk, followed by 15 g/day for an additional 6 wk. The mean urinary level of 16 -hydroxyestrone (16 -OHE1) was higher at the end of 12 wk compared to baseline (change of 1.32 ug/day, P = 0.02). There was no significant change in 2-OHE1 excretion. The mean urinary level of the 2-OHE1/16α -OHE1 ratio was lower at the end of 12 wk compared to baseline (change of -1.1, P = 0.02). Mean urinary excretion of 2-methoxyestradiol was also lower at 12 wk than at baseline (P = 0.03). Based on the current paradigm of the effects of estrogen metabolism on breast cancer risk, the regimen of dietary flaxseed intake used in this study did not appear to favorably alter breast cancer risk through shifts in estrogen metabolism pathways in postmenopausal women.
AB - Flaxseed is a rich source of dietary lignans. It has been hypothesized that lignans may decrease breast cancer risk through modulation of endogenous hormone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flaxseed supplementation on urinary levels of estrogen metabolites that may be involved in the development of breast cancer. Forty-three postmenopausal women participated in this 12-wk preintervention-postintervention study. Participants consumed 7.5 g/day of ground flaxseed for 6 wk, followed by 15 g/day for an additional 6 wk. The mean urinary level of 16 -hydroxyestrone (16 -OHE1) was higher at the end of 12 wk compared to baseline (change of 1.32 ug/day, P = 0.02). There was no significant change in 2-OHE1 excretion. The mean urinary level of the 2-OHE1/16α -OHE1 ratio was lower at the end of 12 wk compared to baseline (change of -1.1, P = 0.02). Mean urinary excretion of 2-methoxyestradiol was also lower at 12 wk than at baseline (P = 0.03). Based on the current paradigm of the effects of estrogen metabolism on breast cancer risk, the regimen of dietary flaxseed intake used in this study did not appear to favorably alter breast cancer risk through shifts in estrogen metabolism pathways in postmenopausal women.
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U2 - 10.1080/01635580903305342
DO - 10.1080/01635580903305342
M3 - Article
C2 - 20099191
AN - SCOPUS:76749084434
SN - 0163-5581
VL - 62
SP - 175
EP - 180
JO - Nutrition and Cancer
JF - Nutrition and Cancer
IS - 2
ER -
