TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Race and Sex on Measured GFR
T2 - The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
AU - Inker, Lesley A.
AU - Shafi, Tariq
AU - Okparavero, Aghogho
AU - Tighiouart, Hocine
AU - Eckfeldt, John H.
AU - Katz, Ronit
AU - Johnson, W. Craig
AU - Dermond, Norma
AU - Tariq, Zarqa
AU - Benayache, Imene
AU - Post, Wendy S.
AU - Coresh, Josef
AU - Levey, Andrew S.
AU - Shlipak, Michael G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Background Kidney failure disproportionately affects older blacks versus whites. The reasons are unknown and may be related to lower measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and higher levels of albuminuria in community-based population samples. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a substudy of a prospective cohort. Setting & Participants Ancillary study following Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) visit 5. Predictor Age, sex, and race. Outcomes & Measurements Measured GFR using plasma clearance of iohexol and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Results GFR was measured in 294 participants. Mean age was 71 ± 9 (SD) years, 47% were black, 48% were women, mean GFR was 73 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median ACR was 10.0 (IQR, 5.8-20.9) mg/g. Measured GFR was on average 1.02 (95% CI, 0.79-1.24) mL/min/1.73 m2 lower per year older. Mean GFR indexed for body surface area was not different between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 2.94 [95% CI, −1.37 to 7.26] mL/min/1.73 m2), but was lower in women than men (mean difference, −9.34 [95% CI, −13.53 to −5.15] mL/min/1.73 m2); this difference persisted and remained significant after adjustment for demographics, clinical characteristics, and measures of body size. The difference between men and women, but not between blacks and whites, was substantially greater when GFR was not indexed for body surface area. ACR was higher in older versus younger participants (mean difference, 3.2% [95% CI, 1.5%-4.8%] per year), but geometric mean ratio of ACR did not differ between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 19.7%; 95% CI, −39.1% to 6.1%) or between men versus women (mean difference, −4.4%; 95% CI, −27.7% to 26.3%). Limitations This is a study of survivors. People who agreed to participate were younger than those who refused. Conclusions In this first community-based study that included blacks and whites, no differences in measured GFR between races were found, suggesting that other factors must account for the disproportionately higher burden of kidney failure in older blacks versus whites.
AB - Background Kidney failure disproportionately affects older blacks versus whites. The reasons are unknown and may be related to lower measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and higher levels of albuminuria in community-based population samples. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a substudy of a prospective cohort. Setting & Participants Ancillary study following Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) visit 5. Predictor Age, sex, and race. Outcomes & Measurements Measured GFR using plasma clearance of iohexol and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Results GFR was measured in 294 participants. Mean age was 71 ± 9 (SD) years, 47% were black, 48% were women, mean GFR was 73 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median ACR was 10.0 (IQR, 5.8-20.9) mg/g. Measured GFR was on average 1.02 (95% CI, 0.79-1.24) mL/min/1.73 m2 lower per year older. Mean GFR indexed for body surface area was not different between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 2.94 [95% CI, −1.37 to 7.26] mL/min/1.73 m2), but was lower in women than men (mean difference, −9.34 [95% CI, −13.53 to −5.15] mL/min/1.73 m2); this difference persisted and remained significant after adjustment for demographics, clinical characteristics, and measures of body size. The difference between men and women, but not between blacks and whites, was substantially greater when GFR was not indexed for body surface area. ACR was higher in older versus younger participants (mean difference, 3.2% [95% CI, 1.5%-4.8%] per year), but geometric mean ratio of ACR did not differ between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 19.7%; 95% CI, −39.1% to 6.1%) or between men versus women (mean difference, −4.4%; 95% CI, −27.7% to 26.3%). Limitations This is a study of survivors. People who agreed to participate were younger than those who refused. Conclusions In this first community-based study that included blacks and whites, no differences in measured GFR between races were found, suggesting that other factors must account for the disproportionately higher burden of kidney failure in older blacks versus whites.
KW - GFR decline trajectory
KW - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
KW - albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)
KW - albuminuria
KW - body size
KW - chronic kidney disease (CKD)
KW - ethnicity
KW - health disparities
KW - iohexol
KW - measured GFR
KW - race
KW - racial differences
KW - renal function
KW - sex
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84994851709&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84994851709&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.021
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 27555103
AN - SCOPUS:84994851709
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 68
SP - 743
EP - 751
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 5
ER -