TY - JOUR
T1 - Elucidating the Nanoparticle-Metal Organic Framework Interface of Pt@ZIF-8 Catalysts
AU - Whitford, Cassandra L.
AU - Stephenson, Casey J.
AU - Gómez-Gualdrón, Diego A.
AU - Hupp, Joseph T.
AU - Farha, Omar K.
AU - Snurr, Randall Q.
AU - Stair, Peter C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2017/11/16
Y1 - 2017/11/16
N2 - Composites of metal nanoparticles encapsulated in metal-organic frameworks (NP@MOFs) have emerged as heterogeneous catalysts for regioselective reactions. While numerous NP@MOF composite combinations have been synthesized, characterization of the nanoparticle-MOF interface and the encapsulated nanoparticle surface have yet to be determined. In this work, Pt@ZIF-8 synthesized by the controlled encapsulation method was chosen as a representative NP@MOF, and in situ characterization methods coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to probe the nanoparticle surface. CO adsorption diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) revealed that Pt@ZIF-8 exhibits red-shifted linear- and bridge-bound CO peaks and a linear peak associated with cationic Pt. DFT calculations and 1H NMR suggest that these sites arise from the binding and electronic donation of the MOF linker, 2-methylimidazole, to the Pt surface. DRIFTS under argon reveals that linker fragments may be present on the Pt nanoparticle surface, suggesting a reaction between the nanoparticle and the MOF linker during controlled encapsulation synthesis. Finally, CO oxidation reveals via DRIFTS that the red-shifted linear CO and bridging CO sites are active sites, while the cationic Pt is not. Overall, these results show that Pt@ZIF-8 contains unique Pt surface sites and indicate that the nanoparticle-MOF interface contains a heterogeneous mixture of framework 2-methylimidazole, free-standing 2-methylimidazole, and linker fragments. These findings expose the complex nature of the nanoparticle surface in NP@MOF composites and demonstrate the importance of characterizing their surface to understand their catalytic behavior.
AB - Composites of metal nanoparticles encapsulated in metal-organic frameworks (NP@MOFs) have emerged as heterogeneous catalysts for regioselective reactions. While numerous NP@MOF composite combinations have been synthesized, characterization of the nanoparticle-MOF interface and the encapsulated nanoparticle surface have yet to be determined. In this work, Pt@ZIF-8 synthesized by the controlled encapsulation method was chosen as a representative NP@MOF, and in situ characterization methods coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to probe the nanoparticle surface. CO adsorption diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) revealed that Pt@ZIF-8 exhibits red-shifted linear- and bridge-bound CO peaks and a linear peak associated with cationic Pt. DFT calculations and 1H NMR suggest that these sites arise from the binding and electronic donation of the MOF linker, 2-methylimidazole, to the Pt surface. DRIFTS under argon reveals that linker fragments may be present on the Pt nanoparticle surface, suggesting a reaction between the nanoparticle and the MOF linker during controlled encapsulation synthesis. Finally, CO oxidation reveals via DRIFTS that the red-shifted linear CO and bridging CO sites are active sites, while the cationic Pt is not. Overall, these results show that Pt@ZIF-8 contains unique Pt surface sites and indicate that the nanoparticle-MOF interface contains a heterogeneous mixture of framework 2-methylimidazole, free-standing 2-methylimidazole, and linker fragments. These findings expose the complex nature of the nanoparticle surface in NP@MOF composites and demonstrate the importance of characterizing their surface to understand their catalytic behavior.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06773
DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06773
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85034657665
SN - 1932-7447
VL - 121
SP - 25079
EP - 25091
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry C
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry C
IS - 45
ER -