Epidemiologic evaluation of canine urolithiasis in Thailand from 2009 to 2015

The cross-sectional study described the epidemiology of 8560 canine urolith submissions from Thailand to the Minnesota Urolith Center between January 2009 and December 2015. The frequency of urolith types, the relationships between urolith type and breed, sex, and neutered status, and change of annual submission proportion over the study period were analyzed. Struvite was the most common canine urolith (44%), and was commonly found in intact females with a mean age of 6.3 ± 3.1 years. Calcium oxalate was the second most common (27%), more frequently found in intact males with a mean age of 8.8 ± 3.3 years. Compound, purine, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silica urolith were less common. During the study period, the proportion of struvite urolith significantly decreased from 48% in 2009 to 39% in 2015 (p < 0.001). The proportion of CaOx increased from 21% in 2009 to 32% in 2015 (p < 0.001). The results of this study can help veterinarians predict urolith composition to select diagnostic tests and to initiate therapy prior to urolith removal.