Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Spencer L. James; Lydia R. Lucchesi; Catherine Bisignano; Chris D. Castle; Zachary V. Dingels; Jack T. Fox; Erin B. Hamilton; Nathaniel J. Henry; Darrah McCracken; Nicholas L.S. Roberts; Dillon O. Sylte; Alireza Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Fares Alahdab; Vahid Alipour; Zewudu Andualem; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Jalal Arabloo; Ashish D. Badiye; Mojtaba Bagherzadeh; Amrit Banstola; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Akbar Barzegar; Mohsen Bayati; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Ali Bijani; Gene Bukhman; Félix Carvalho; Christopher Stephen Crowe; Koustuv Dalal; Ahmad Daryani; Mostafa Dianati Nasab; Hoa Thi Do; Huyen Phuc Do; Aman Yesuf Endries; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Takeshi Fukumoto; Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Syed Amir Gilani; Juanita A. Haagsma; Samer Hamidi; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Ehimario U. Igumbor; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Amaha Kahsay; Neeti Kapoor; Amir Kasaeian; Yousef Saleh Khader; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Maryam Khazaee-Pool; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Alan D. Lopez; Mohammed Madadin; Marek Majdan; Venkatesh Maled; Reza Malekzadeh; Navid Manafi; Ali Manafi; Srikanth Mangalam; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Ritesh G. Menezes; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Bartosz Miazgowski; Ted R. Miller; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Shane Douglas Morrison; Ionut Negoi; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Son Hoang Nguyen; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Molly R. Nixon; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Suzanne Polinder; Navid Rabiee; Mohammad Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Salman Rawaf; David Laith Rawaf; Aziz Rezapour; Jennifer Rickard; Elias Merdassa Roro; Nobhojit Roy; Roya Safari-Faramani; Payman Salamati; Abdallah M. Samy; Maheswar Satpathy; Monika Sawhney; David C. Schwebel; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Mika Shigematsu; Amin Soheili; Mark A. Stokes; Hamid Reza Tohidinik; Bach Xuan Tran; Pascual R. Valdez; Tissa Wijeratne; Engida Yisma; Zoubida Zaidi; Mohammad Zamani; Zhi Jiang Zhang; Simon I. Hay; Ali H. Mokdad

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Spencer L. James, Lydia R. Lucchesi, Catherine Bisignano, Chris D. Castle, Zachary V. Dingels, Jack T. Fox, Erin B. Hamilton, Nathaniel J. Henry, Darrah McCracken, Nicholas L.S. Roberts, Dillon O. Sylte, Alireza Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Fares Alahdab, Vahid Alipour, Zewudu Andualem, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Jalal Arabloo, Ashish D. Badiye, Mojtaba BagherzadehAmrit Banstola, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Akbar Barzegar, Mohsen Bayati, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Ali Bijani, Gene Bukhman, Félix Carvalho, Christopher Stephen Crowe, Koustuv Dalal, Ahmad Daryani, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Hoa Thi Do, Huyen Phuc Do, Aman Yesuf Endries, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Takeshi Fukumoto, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Syed Amir Gilani, Juanita A. Haagsma, Samer Hamidi, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Ehimario U. Igumbor, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Amaha Kahsay, Neeti Kapoor, Amir Kasaeian, Yousef Saleh Khader, Ibrahim A. Khalil, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Maryam Khazaee-Pool, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Alan D. Lopez, Mohammed Madadin, Marek Majdan, Venkatesh Maled, Reza Malekzadeh, Navid Manafi, Ali Manafi, Srikanth Mangalam, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Ritesh G. Menezes, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R. Miller, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Shane Douglas Morrison, Ionut Negoi, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Molly R. Nixon, Andrew T. Olagunju, Tinuke O. Olagunju, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Suzanne Polinder, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Aziz Rezapour, Jennifer Rickard, Elias Merdassa Roro, Nobhojit Roy, Roya Safari-Faramani, Payman Salamati, Abdallah M. Samy, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, David C. Schwebel, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Mika Shigematsu, Amin Soheili, Mark A. Stokes, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Bach Xuan Tran, Pascual R. Valdez, Tissa Wijeratne, Engida Yisma, Zoubida Zaidi, Mohammad Zamani, Zhi Jiang Zhang, Simon I. Hay, Ali H. Mokdad

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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

91 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. Results: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). Conclusions: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	Y
Journal	Injury Prevention
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299
State	Accepted/In press - 2019

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Keywords

burden of disease
burn
descriptive epidemiology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

Cite this

James, S. L., Lucchesi, L. R., Bisignano, C., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Fox, J. T., Hamilton, E. B., Henry, N. J., McCracken, D., Roberts, N. L. S., Sylte, D. O., Ahmadi, A., Ahmed, M. B., Alahdab, F., Alipour, V., Andualem, Z., Antonio, C. A. T., Arabloo, J., Badiye, A. D., ... Mokdad, A. H. (Accepted/In press). Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study. Injury Prevention, Article Y. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

James, SL, Lucchesi, LR, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Henry, NJ, McCracken, D, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, MB, Alahdab, F, Alipour, V, Andualem, Z, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Badiye, AD, Bagherzadeh, M, Banstola, A, Bärnighausen, TW, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhaumik, S, Bijani, A, Bukhman, G, Carvalho, F, Crowe, CS, Dalal, K, Daryani, A, Nasab, MD, Do, HT, Do, HP, Endries, AY, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Gebremedhin, KBB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gilani, SA, Haagsma, JA, Hamidi, S, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Igumbor, EU, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Jayatilleke, AU, Kahsay, A, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khazaee-Pool, M, Kokubo, Y, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Mangalam, S, Massenburg, BB, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Miller, TR, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Morrison, SD, Negoi, I, Nguyen, TH, Nguyen, SH, Nguyen, CT, Nixon, MR, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Polinder, S, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rezapour, A, Rickard, J, Roro, EM, Roy, N, Safari-Faramani, R, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shigematsu, M, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Tohidinik, HR, Tran, BX, Valdez, PR, Wijeratne, T, Yisma, E, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, ZJ, Hay, SI & Mokdad, AH 2019, 'Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study', Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

@article{e56bbbb706f64ea6a68baca7c257228e,

title = "Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study",

abstract = "Background: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. Results: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). Conclusions: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.",

keywords = "burden of disease, burn, descriptive epidemiology",

author = "James, {Spencer L.} and Lucchesi, {Lydia R.} and Catherine Bisignano and Castle, {Chris D.} and Dingels, {Zachary V.} and Fox, {Jack T.} and Hamilton, {Erin B.} and Henry, {Nathaniel J.} and Darrah McCracken and Roberts, {Nicholas L.S.} and Sylte, {Dillon O.} and Alireza Ahmadi and Ahmed, {Muktar Beshir} and Fares Alahdab and Vahid Alipour and Zewudu Andualem and Antonio, {Carl Abelardo T.} and Jalal Arabloo and Badiye, {Ashish D.} and Mojtaba Bagherzadeh and Amrit Banstola and B{\"a}rnighausen, {Till Winfried} and Akbar Barzegar and Mohsen Bayati and Soumyadeep Bhaumik and Ali Bijani and Gene Bukhman and F{\'e}lix Carvalho and Crowe, {Christopher Stephen} and Koustuv Dalal and Ahmad Daryani and Nasab, {Mostafa Dianati} and Do, {Hoa Thi} and Do, {Huyen Phuc} and Endries, {Aman Yesuf} and Eduarda Fernandes and Irina Filip and Florian Fischer and Takeshi Fukumoto and Gebremedhin, {Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork} and Gebremeskel, {Gebreamlak Gebremedhn} and Gilani, {Syed Amir} and Haagsma, {Juanita A.} and Samer Hamidi and Sorin Hostiuc and Mowafa Househ and Igumbor, {Ehimario U.} and Ilesanmi, {Olayinka Stephen} and Irvani, {Seyed Sina Naghibi} and Jayatilleke, {Achala Upendra} and Amaha Kahsay and Neeti Kapoor and Amir Kasaeian and Khader, {Yousef Saleh} and Khalil, {Ibrahim A.} and Khan, {Ejaz Ahmad} and Maryam Khazaee-Pool and Yoshihiro Kokubo and Lopez, {Alan D.} and Mohammed Madadin and Marek Majdan and Venkatesh Maled and Reza Malekzadeh and Navid Manafi and Ali Manafi and Srikanth Mangalam and Massenburg, {Benjamin Ballard} and Meles, {Hagazi Gebre} and Menezes, {Ritesh G.} and Meretoja, {Tuomo J.} and Bartosz Miazgowski and Miller, {Ted R.} and Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani and Reza Mohammadpourhodki and Morrison, {Shane Douglas} and Ionut Negoi and Nguyen, {Trang Huyen} and Nguyen, {Son Hoang} and Nguyen, {Cuong Tat} and Nixon, {Molly R.} and Olagunju, {Andrew T.} and Olagunju, {Tinuke O.} and Padubidri, {Jagadish Rao} and Suzanne Polinder and Navid Rabiee and Mohammad Rabiee and Amir Radfar and Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar and Salman Rawaf and Rawaf, {David Laith} and Aziz Rezapour and Jennifer Rickard and Roro, {Elias Merdassa} and Nobhojit Roy and Roya Safari-Faramani and Payman Salamati and Samy, {Abdallah M.} and Maheswar Satpathy and Monika Sawhney and Schwebel, {David C.} and Subramanian Senthilkumaran and Sepanlou, {Sadaf G.} and Mika Shigematsu and Amin Soheili and Stokes, {Mark A.} and Tohidinik, {Hamid Reza} and Tran, {Bach Xuan} and Valdez, {Pascual R.} and Tissa Wijeratne and Engida Yisma and Zoubida Zaidi and Mohammad Zamani and Zhang, {Zhi Jiang} and Hay, {Simon I.} and Mokdad, {Ali H.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299",

language = "English (US)",

journal = "Injury Prevention",

issn = "1353-8047",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances

T2 - Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

AU - James, Spencer L.

AU - Lucchesi, Lydia R.

AU - Bisignano, Catherine

AU - Castle, Chris D.

AU - Dingels, Zachary V.

AU - Fox, Jack T.

AU - Hamilton, Erin B.

AU - Henry, Nathaniel J.

AU - McCracken, Darrah

AU - Roberts, Nicholas L.S.

AU - Sylte, Dillon O.

AU - Ahmadi, Alireza

AU - Ahmed, Muktar Beshir

AU - Alahdab, Fares

AU - Alipour, Vahid

AU - Andualem, Zewudu

AU - Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.

AU - Arabloo, Jalal

AU - Badiye, Ashish D.

AU - Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba

AU - Banstola, Amrit

AU - Bärnighausen, Till Winfried

AU - Barzegar, Akbar

AU - Bayati, Mohsen

AU - Bhaumik, Soumyadeep

AU - Bijani, Ali

AU - Bukhman, Gene

AU - Carvalho, Félix

AU - Crowe, Christopher Stephen

AU - Dalal, Koustuv

AU - Daryani, Ahmad

AU - Nasab, Mostafa Dianati

AU - Do, Hoa Thi

AU - Do, Huyen Phuc

AU - Endries, Aman Yesuf

AU - Fernandes, Eduarda

AU - Filip, Irina

AU - Fischer, Florian

AU - Fukumoto, Takeshi

AU - Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork

AU - Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn

AU - Gilani, Syed Amir

AU - Haagsma, Juanita A.

AU - Hamidi, Samer

AU - Hostiuc, Sorin

AU - Househ, Mowafa

AU - Igumbor, Ehimario U.

AU - Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen

AU - Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi

AU - Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra

AU - Kahsay, Amaha

AU - Kapoor, Neeti

AU - Kasaeian, Amir

AU - Khader, Yousef Saleh

AU - Khalil, Ibrahim A.

AU - Khan, Ejaz Ahmad

AU - Khazaee-Pool, Maryam

AU - Kokubo, Yoshihiro

AU - Lopez, Alan D.

AU - Madadin, Mohammed

AU - Majdan, Marek

AU - Maled, Venkatesh

AU - Malekzadeh, Reza

AU - Manafi, Navid

AU - Manafi, Ali

AU - Mangalam, Srikanth

AU - Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard

AU - Meles, Hagazi Gebre

AU - Menezes, Ritesh G.

AU - Meretoja, Tuomo J.

AU - Miazgowski, Bartosz

AU - Miller, Ted R.

AU - Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah

AU - Mohammadpourhodki, Reza

AU - Morrison, Shane Douglas

AU - Negoi, Ionut

AU - Nguyen, Trang Huyen

AU - Nguyen, Son Hoang

AU - Nguyen, Cuong Tat

AU - Nixon, Molly R.

AU - Olagunju, Andrew T.

AU - Olagunju, Tinuke O.

AU - Padubidri, Jagadish Rao

AU - Polinder, Suzanne

AU - Rabiee, Navid

AU - Rabiee, Mohammad

AU - Radfar, Amir

AU - Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa

AU - Rawaf, Salman

AU - Rawaf, David Laith

AU - Rezapour, Aziz

AU - Rickard, Jennifer

AU - Roro, Elias Merdassa

AU - Roy, Nobhojit

AU - Safari-Faramani, Roya

AU - Salamati, Payman

AU - Samy, Abdallah M.

AU - Satpathy, Maheswar

AU - Sawhney, Monika

AU - Schwebel, David C.

AU - Senthilkumaran, Subramanian

AU - Sepanlou, Sadaf G.

AU - Shigematsu, Mika

AU - Soheili, Amin

AU - Stokes, Mark A.

AU - Tohidinik, Hamid Reza

AU - Tran, Bach Xuan

AU - Valdez, Pascual R.

AU - Wijeratne, Tissa

AU - Yisma, Engida

AU - Zaidi, Zoubida

AU - Zamani, Mohammad

AU - Zhang, Zhi Jiang

AU - Hay, Simon I.

AU - Mokdad, Ali H.

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Background: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. Results: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). Conclusions: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.

AB - Background: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. Results: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). Conclusions: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.

KW - burden of disease

KW - burn

KW - descriptive epidemiology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076910311&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85076910311&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

DO - 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299

M3 - Article

C2 - 31857422

AN - SCOPUS:85076910311

SN - 1353-8047

JO - Injury Prevention

JF - Injury Prevention

M1 - Y

ER -

Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: Global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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