TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of various DFT protocols for computing1H and 13C chemical shifts to distinguish stereoisomers
T2 - Diastereomeric 2-, 3-, and 4-methylcyclohexanols as a test set
AU - Wiitala, Keith W.
AU - Al-Rashid, Ziyad F.
AU - Dvornikovs, Vadims
AU - Hoye, Thomas R.
AU - Cramer, Christopher J.
PY - 2007/5
Y1 - 2007/5
N2 - 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were measured for a set of six isomers - the cis and trans 2-, 3-, and 4-methylcyclohexanols. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were computed at the B3LYP, WP04, WC04, and PBE1 density functional levels for the same compounds, taking into account the Boltzmann distribution among conformational isomers (chair-chair forms and hydroxyl rotamers). The experimental versus computed chemical shift values for proton and carbon were compared and evaluated (using linear correlation (r2), total absolute error (|Δδ| T), and mean unsigned error (MUE) criteria) with respect to the relative ability of each method to distinguish between cis and trans stereoisomers for each of the three constitutional isomers. For C shift data, results from the B3LYP and PBE1 density functionals were not sufficiently accurate to distinguish all three pairs of stereoisomers, while results using the WC04 functional did do so. For 1H shift data, each of the WP04, B3LYP, and PBE1 methods was sufficiently accurate to make the proper stereochemical distinction for each of the three pairs. Applying a linear correction to the computed data improved both the absolute accuracy and the degree of discrimination for most of the methods. The nature of the cavity definition used for continuum solvation had little effect. Overall, use of proton chemical shift data was more discriminating than use of carbon data.
AB - 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were measured for a set of six isomers - the cis and trans 2-, 3-, and 4-methylcyclohexanols. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were computed at the B3LYP, WP04, WC04, and PBE1 density functional levels for the same compounds, taking into account the Boltzmann distribution among conformational isomers (chair-chair forms and hydroxyl rotamers). The experimental versus computed chemical shift values for proton and carbon were compared and evaluated (using linear correlation (r2), total absolute error (|Δδ| T), and mean unsigned error (MUE) criteria) with respect to the relative ability of each method to distinguish between cis and trans stereoisomers for each of the three constitutional isomers. For C shift data, results from the B3LYP and PBE1 density functionals were not sufficiently accurate to distinguish all three pairs of stereoisomers, while results using the WC04 functional did do so. For 1H shift data, each of the WP04, B3LYP, and PBE1 methods was sufficiently accurate to make the proper stereochemical distinction for each of the three pairs. Applying a linear correction to the computed data improved both the absolute accuracy and the degree of discrimination for most of the methods. The nature of the cavity definition used for continuum solvation had little effect. Overall, use of proton chemical shift data was more discriminating than use of carbon data.
KW - Density functional theory
KW - NMR
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U2 - 10.1002/poc.1151
DO - 10.1002/poc.1151
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34249745665
SN - 0894-3230
VL - 20
SP - 345
EP - 354
JO - Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry
JF - Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry
IS - 5
ER -