Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

F. Aharonian; A. G. Akhperjanian; A. R. Bazer-Bachi; M. Beilicke; W. Benbow; D. Berge; K. Bernlöhr; C. Boisson; O. Bolz; V. Borrel; I. Braun; A. M. Brown; R. Bühler; I. Büsching; S. Carrigan; P. M. Chadwick; L. M. Chounet; G. Coignet; R. Cornils; L. Costamante; B. Degrange; H. J. Dickinson; A. Djannati-Ataï; L. O C Drury; G. Dubus; K. Egberts; D. Emmanoulopoulos; P. Espigat; F. Feinstein; E. Ferrero; A. Fiasson; G. Fontaine; Seb Funk; S. Funk; M. Füßling; Y. A. Gallant; B. Giebels; J. F. Glicenstein; P. Goret; C. Hadjichristidis; D. Hauser; M. Hauser; G. Heinzelmann; G. Henri; G. Hermann; J. A. Hinton; A. Hoffmann; W. Hofmann; M. Holleran; S. Hoppe; D. Horns; A. Jacholkowska; O. C. De Jager; E. Kendziorra; M. Kerschhaggl; B. Khélifi; Nu Komin; A. Konopelko; K. Kosack; G. Lamanna; I. J. Latham; R. Le Gallou; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J. P. Lenain; T. Lohse; J. M. Martin; O. Martineau-Huynh; A. Marcowith; C. Masterson; G. Maurin; T. J L McComb; E. Moulin; M. De Naurois; D. Nedbal; S. J. Nolan; A. Noutsos; K. J. Orford; J. L. Osborne; M. Ouchrif; M. Panter; G. Pelletier; S. Pita; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; S. Ranchon; B. C. Raubenheimer; M. Raue; S. M. Rayner; A. Reimer; J. Ripken; L. Rob; L. Rolland; S. Rosier-Lees; G. Rowell; V. Sahakian; A. Santangelo; L. Saugé; S. Schlenker; R. Schlickeiser; R. Schröder; U. Schwanke; S. Schwarzburg; S. Schwemmer; A. Shalchi; H. Sol; D. Spangler; F. Spanier; R. Steenkamp; C. Stegmann; G. Superina; P. H. Tam; J. P. Tavernet; R. Terrier; M. Tluczykont; C. Van Eldik; G. Vasileiadis; C. Venter; J. P. Vialle; P. Vincent; H. J. Völk; S. J. Wagner; M. Ward

doi:10.1126/science.1134408

Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

F. Aharonian, A. G. Akhperjanian, A. R. Bazer-Bachi, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, C. Boisson, O. Bolz, V. Borrel, I. Braun, A. M. Brown, R. Bühler, I. Büsching, S. Carrigan, P. M. Chadwick, L. M. Chounet, G. Coignet, R. Cornils, L. CostamanteB. Degrange, H. J. Dickinson, A. Djannati-Ataï, L. O C Drury, G. Dubus, K. Egberts, D. Emmanoulopoulos, P. Espigat, F. Feinstein, E. Ferrero, A. Fiasson, G. Fontaine, Seb Funk, S. Funk, M. Füßling, Y. A. Gallant, B. Giebels, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goret, C. Hadjichristidis, D. Hauser, M. Hauser, G. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, J. A. Hinton, A. Hoffmann, W. Hofmann, M. Holleran, S. Hoppe, D. Horns, A. Jacholkowska, O. C. De Jager, E. Kendziorra, M. Kerschhaggl, B. Khélifi, Nu Komin, A. Konopelko, K. Kosack, G. Lamanna, I. J. Latham, R. Le Gallou, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. P. Lenain, T. Lohse, J. M. Martin, O. Martineau-Huynh, A. Marcowith, C. Masterson, G. Maurin, T. J L McComb, E. Moulin, M. De Naurois, D. Nedbal, S. J. Nolan, A. Noutsos, K. J. Orford, J. L. Osborne, M. Ouchrif, M. Panter, G. Pelletier, S. Pita, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, S. Ranchon, B. C. Raubenheimer, M. Raue, S. M. Rayner, A. Reimer, J. Ripken, L. Rob, L. Rolland, S. Rosier-Lees, G. Rowell, V. Sahakian, A. Santangelo, L. Saugé, S. Schlenker, R. Schlickeiser, R. Schröder, U. Schwanke, S. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, A. Shalchi, H. Sol, D. Spangler, F. Spanier, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, G. Superina, P. H. Tam, J. P. Tavernet, R. Terrier, M. Tluczykont, C. Van Eldik, G. Vasileiadis, C. Venter, J. P. Vialle, P. Vincent, H. J. Völk, S. J. Wagner, M. Ward

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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329 Scopus citations

Abstract

The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 ¹² eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1424-1427
Number of pages	4
Journal	Science
Volume	314
Issue number	5804
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408
State	Published - Dec 1 2006

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Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Boisson, C., Bolz, O., Borrel, V., Braun, I., Brown, A. M., Bühler, R., Büsching, I., Carrigan, S., Chadwick, P. M., Chounet, L. M., Coignet, G., Cornils, R., ... Ward, M. (2006). Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87. Science, 314(5804), 1424-1427. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408

Aharonian, F, Akhperjanian, AG, Bazer-Bachi, AR, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Berge, D, Bernlöhr, K, Boisson, C, Bolz, O, Borrel, V, Braun, I, Brown, AM, Bühler, R, Büsching, I, Carrigan, S, Chadwick, PM, Chounet, LM, Coignet, G, Cornils, R, Costamante, L, Degrange, B, Dickinson, HJ, Djannati-Ataï, A, Drury, LOC, Dubus, G, Egberts, K, Emmanoulopoulos, D, Espigat, P, Feinstein, F, Ferrero, E, Fiasson, A, Fontaine, G, Funk, S, Funk, S, Füßling, M, Gallant, YA, Giebels, B, Glicenstein, JF, Goret, P, Hadjichristidis, C, Hauser, D, Hauser, M, Heinzelmann, G, Henri, G, Hermann, G, Hinton, JA, Hoffmann, A, Hofmann, W, Holleran, M, Hoppe, S, Horns, D, Jacholkowska, A, De Jager, OC, Kendziorra, E, Kerschhaggl, M, Khélifi, B, Komin, N, Konopelko, A, Kosack, K, Lamanna, G, Latham, IJ, Le Gallou, R, Lemière, A, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Lenain, JP, Lohse, T, Martin, JM, Martineau-Huynh, O, Marcowith, A, Masterson, C, Maurin, G, McComb, TJL, Moulin, E, De Naurois, M, Nedbal, D, Nolan, SJ, Noutsos, A, Orford, KJ, Osborne, JL, Ouchrif, M, Panter, M, Pelletier, G, Pita, S, Pühlhofer, G, Punch, M, Ranchon, S, Raubenheimer, BC, Raue, M, Rayner, SM, Reimer, A, Ripken, J, Rob, L, Rolland, L, Rosier-Lees, S, Rowell, G, Sahakian, V, Santangelo, A, Saugé, L, Schlenker, S, Schlickeiser, R, Schröder, R, Schwanke, U, Schwarzburg, S, Schwemmer, S, Shalchi, A, Sol, H, Spangler, D, Spanier, F, Steenkamp, R, Stegmann, C, Superina, G, Tam, PH, Tavernet, JP, Terrier, R, Tluczykont, M, Van Eldik, C, Vasileiadis, G, Venter, C, Vialle, JP, Vincent, P, Völk, HJ, Wagner, SJ & Ward, M 2006, 'Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87', Science, vol. 314, no. 5804, pp. 1424-1427. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134408

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title = "Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87",

abstract = "The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 12 eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.",

author = "F. Aharonian and Akhperjanian, {A. G.} and Bazer-Bachi, {A. R.} and M. Beilicke and W. Benbow and D. Berge and K. Bernl{\"o}hr and C. Boisson and O. Bolz and V. Borrel and I. Braun and Brown, {A. M.} and R. B{\"u}hler and I. B{\"u}sching and S. Carrigan and Chadwick, {P. M.} and Chounet, {L. M.} and G. Coignet and R. Cornils and L. Costamante and B. Degrange and Dickinson, {H. J.} and A. Djannati-Ata{\"i} and Drury, {L. O C} and G. Dubus and K. Egberts and D. Emmanoulopoulos and P. Espigat and F. Feinstein and E. Ferrero and A. Fiasson and G. Fontaine and Seb Funk and S. Funk and M. F{\"u}{\ss}ling and Gallant, {Y. A.} and B. Giebels and Glicenstein, {J. F.} and P. Goret and C. Hadjichristidis and D. Hauser and M. Hauser and G. Heinzelmann and G. Henri and G. Hermann and Hinton, {J. A.} and A. Hoffmann and W. Hofmann and M. Holleran and S. Hoppe and D. Horns and A. Jacholkowska and {De Jager}, {O. C.} and E. Kendziorra and M. Kerschhaggl and B. Kh{\'e}lifi and Nu Komin and A. Konopelko and K. Kosack and G. Lamanna and Latham, {I. J.} and {Le Gallou}, R. and A. Lemi{\`e}re and M. Lemoine-Goumard and Lenain, {J. P.} and T. Lohse and Martin, {J. M.} and O. Martineau-Huynh and A. Marcowith and C. Masterson and G. Maurin and McComb, {T. J L} and E. Moulin and {De Naurois}, M. and D. Nedbal and Nolan, {S. J.} and A. Noutsos and Orford, {K. J.} and Osborne, {J. L.} and M. Ouchrif and M. Panter and G. Pelletier and S. Pita and G. P{\"u}hlhofer and M. Punch and S. Ranchon and Raubenheimer, {B. C.} and M. Raue and Rayner, {S. M.} and A. Reimer and J. Ripken and L. Rob and L. Rolland and S. Rosier-Lees and G. Rowell and V. Sahakian and A. Santangelo and L. Saug{\'e} and S. Schlenker and R. Schlickeiser and R. Schr{\"o}der and U. Schwanke and S. Schwarzburg and S. Schwemmer and A. Shalchi and H. Sol and D. Spangler and F. Spanier and R. Steenkamp and C. Stegmann and G. Superina and Tam, {P. H.} and Tavernet, {J. P.} and R. Terrier and M. Tluczykont and {Van Eldik}, C. and G. Vasileiadis and C. Venter and Vialle, {J. P.} and P. Vincent and V{\"o}lk, {H. J.} and Wagner, {S. J.} and M. Ward",

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month = dec,

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doi = "10.1126/science.1134408",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "314",

pages = "1424--1427",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

AU - Aharonian, F.

AU - Akhperjanian, A. G.

AU - Bazer-Bachi, A. R.

AU - Beilicke, M.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Berge, D.

AU - Bernlöhr, K.

AU - Boisson, C.

AU - Bolz, O.

AU - Borrel, V.

AU - Braun, I.

AU - Brown, A. M.

AU - Bühler, R.

AU - Büsching, I.

AU - Carrigan, S.

AU - Chadwick, P. M.

AU - Chounet, L. M.

AU - Coignet, G.

AU - Cornils, R.

AU - Costamante, L.

AU - Degrange, B.

AU - Dickinson, H. J.

AU - Djannati-Ataï, A.

AU - Drury, L. O C

AU - Dubus, G.

AU - Egberts, K.

AU - Emmanoulopoulos, D.

AU - Espigat, P.

AU - Feinstein, F.

AU - Ferrero, E.

AU - Fiasson, A.

AU - Fontaine, G.

AU - Funk, Seb

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Füßling, M.

AU - Gallant, Y. A.

AU - Giebels, B.

AU - Glicenstein, J. F.

AU - Goret, P.

AU - Hadjichristidis, C.

AU - Hauser, D.

AU - Hauser, M.

AU - Heinzelmann, G.

AU - Henri, G.

AU - Hermann, G.

AU - Hinton, J. A.

AU - Hoffmann, A.

AU - Hofmann, W.

AU - Holleran, M.

AU - Hoppe, S.

AU - Horns, D.

AU - Jacholkowska, A.

AU - De Jager, O. C.

AU - Kendziorra, E.

AU - Kerschhaggl, M.

AU - Khélifi, B.

AU - Komin, Nu

AU - Konopelko, A.

AU - Kosack, K.

AU - Lamanna, G.

AU - Latham, I. J.

AU - Le Gallou, R.

AU - Lemière, A.

AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.

AU - Lenain, J. P.

AU - Lohse, T.

AU - Martin, J. M.

AU - Martineau-Huynh, O.

AU - Marcowith, A.

AU - Masterson, C.

AU - Maurin, G.

AU - McComb, T. J L

AU - Moulin, E.

AU - De Naurois, M.

AU - Nedbal, D.

AU - Nolan, S. J.

AU - Noutsos, A.

AU - Orford, K. J.

AU - Osborne, J. L.

AU - Ouchrif, M.

AU - Panter, M.

AU - Pelletier, G.

AU - Pita, S.

AU - Pühlhofer, G.

AU - Punch, M.

AU - Ranchon, S.

AU - Raubenheimer, B. C.

AU - Raue, M.

AU - Rayner, S. M.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Ripken, J.

AU - Rob, L.

AU - Rolland, L.

AU - Rosier-Lees, S.

AU - Rowell, G.

AU - Sahakian, V.

AU - Santangelo, A.

AU - Saugé, L.

AU - Schlenker, S.

AU - Schlickeiser, R.

AU - Schröder, R.

AU - Schwanke, U.

AU - Schwarzburg, S.

AU - Schwemmer, S.

AU - Shalchi, A.

AU - Sol, H.

AU - Spangler, D.

AU - Spanier, F.

AU - Steenkamp, R.

AU - Stegmann, C.

AU - Superina, G.

AU - Tam, P. H.

AU - Tavernet, J. P.

AU - Terrier, R.

AU - Tluczykont, M.

AU - Van Eldik, C.

AU - Vasileiadis, G.

AU - Venter, C.

AU - Vialle, J. P.

AU - Vincent, P.

AU - Völk, H. J.

AU - Wagner, S. J.

AU - Ward, M.

PY - 2006/12/1

Y1 - 2006/12/1

N2 - The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 12 eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

AB - The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10 12 eV) γ-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the γ-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV γ rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33845293441&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/science.1134408

DO - 10.1126/science.1134408

M3 - Article

C2 - 17068224

AN - SCOPUS:33845293441

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 314

SP - 1424

EP - 1427

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 5804

ER -

Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

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