Flux of Particulate Elements in the North Atlantic Ocean Constrained by Multiple Radionuclides

Christopher T. Hayes; Erin E. Black; Robert F. Anderson; Mark Baskaran; Ken O. Buesseler; Matthew A. Charette; Hai Cheng; J. Kirk Cochran; R. Lawrence Edwards; Patrick Fitzgerald; Phoebe J. Lam; Yanbin Lu; Stephanie O. Morris; Daniel C. Ohnemus; Frank J. Pavia; Gillian Stewart; Yi Tang

doi:10.1029/2018GB005994

Flux of Particulate Elements in the North Atlantic Ocean Constrained by Multiple Radionuclides

Christopher T. Hayes, Erin E. Black, Robert F. Anderson, Mark Baskaran, Ken O. Buesseler, Matthew A. Charette, Hai Cheng, J. Kirk Cochran, R. Lawrence Edwards, Patrick Fitzgerald, Phoebe J. Lam, Yanbin Lu, Stephanie O. Morris, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Frank J. Pavia, Gillian Stewart, Yi Tang

Earth and Environmental Sciences-Twin Cities

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sinking particles strongly regulate the distribution of reactive chemical substances in the ocean, including particulate organic carbon and other elements (e.g., P, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Al, and ²³² Th). Yet, the sinking fluxes of trace elements have not been well described in the global ocean. The U.S. GEOTRACES campaign in the North Atlantic (GA03) offers the first data set in which the sinking flux of carbon and trace elements can be derived using four different radionuclide pairs ( ²³⁸ U ^:234 Th ^;210 Pb: ²¹⁰ Po; ²²⁸ Ra: ²²⁸ Th; and ²³⁴ U: ²³⁰ Th) at stations co-located with sediment trap fluxes for comparison. Particulate organic carbon, particulate P, and particulate Cd fluxes all decrease sharply with depth below the euphotic zone. Particulate Mn, Cu, and Co flux profiles display mixed behavior, some cases reflecting biotic remineralization, and other cases showing increased flux with depth. The latter may be related to either lateral input of lithogenic material or increased scavenging onto particles. Lastly, particulate Fe fluxes resemble fluxes of Al and ²³² Th, which all have increasing flux with depth, indicating a dominance of lithogenic flux at depth by resuspended sediment transported laterally to the study site. In comparing flux estimates derived using different isotope pairs, differences result from different timescales of integration and particle size fractionation effects. The range in flux estimates produced by different methods provides a robust constraint on the true removal fluxes, taking into consideration the independent uncertainties associated with each method. These estimates will be valuable targets for biogeochemical modeling and may also offer insight into particle sinking processes.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1738-1758
Number of pages	21
Journal	Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Volume	32
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB005994
State	Published - Dec 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study grew out of a synthesis workshop at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in August 2016. This workshop was sponsored by the U.S. GEOTRACES Project Office (NSF 1536294) and the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCP) Project Office (NSF 1558412 and NASA NNX17AB17G). The U.S. National Science Foundation supported all of the analytical work on GA03. Kuanbo Zhou measured 228Th in the large size class particles (NSF 0925158 to WHOI). NSF 1061128 to Stony Brook University supported the BaRFlux project, for which Chistina Heilbrun is acknowledged for laboratory and field work. The lead author acknowledges support from a start-up grant from the University of Southern Mississippi. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments. All GEOTRACES GA03 data used in this study are accessible through the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (http://data. bco-dmo.org/jg/dir/BCO/GEOTRACES/ NorthAtlanticTransect/), and derived parameters are reported in the supporting information.

Funding Information:
This study grew out of a synthesis workshop at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in August 2016. This workshop was sponsored by the U.S. GEOTRACES Project Office (NSF 1536294) and the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCP) Project Office (NSF 1558412 and NASA NNX17AB17G). The U.S. National Science Foundation supported all of the analytical work on GA03. Kuanbo Zhou measured 228Th in the large size class particles (NSF 0925158 to WHOI). NSF 1061128 to Stony Brook University supported the BaRFlux project, for which Chistina Heilbrun is acknowledged for laboratory and field work. The lead author acknowledges support from a start-up grant from the University of Southern Mississippi. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments. All GEOTRACES GA03 data used in this study are accessible through the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (http://data.bco-dmo.org/jg/dir/BCO/GEOTRACES/NorthAtlanticTransect/), and derived parameters are reported in the supporting information.

Publisher Copyright:
©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Keywords

GEOTRACES
North Atlantic
biological carbon pump
export
trace metals

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1029/2018GB005994

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Hayes, C. T., Black, E. E., Anderson, R. F., Baskaran, M., Buesseler, K. O., Charette, M. A., Cheng, H., Cochran, J. K., Edwards, R. L., Fitzgerald, P., Lam, P. J., Lu, Y., Morris, S. O., Ohnemus, D. C., Pavia, F. J., Stewart, G., & Tang, Y. (2018). Flux of Particulate Elements in the North Atlantic Ocean Constrained by Multiple Radionuclides. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 32(12), 1738-1758. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB005994

Hayes, CT, Black, EE, Anderson, RF, Baskaran, M, Buesseler, KO, Charette, MA, Cheng, H, Cochran, JK, Edwards, RL, Fitzgerald, P, Lam, PJ, Lu, Y, Morris, SO, Ohnemus, DC, Pavia, FJ, Stewart, G & Tang, Y 2018, 'Flux of Particulate Elements in the North Atlantic Ocean Constrained by Multiple Radionuclides', Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1738-1758. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB005994

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abstract = " Sinking particles strongly regulate the distribution of reactive chemical substances in the ocean, including particulate organic carbon and other elements (e.g., P, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Al, and 232 Th). Yet, the sinking fluxes of trace elements have not been well described in the global ocean. The U.S. GEOTRACES campaign in the North Atlantic (GA03) offers the first data set in which the sinking flux of carbon and trace elements can be derived using four different radionuclide pairs ( 238 U :234 Th ;210 Pb: 210 Po; 228 Ra: 228 Th; and 234 U: 230 Th) at stations co-located with sediment trap fluxes for comparison. Particulate organic carbon, particulate P, and particulate Cd fluxes all decrease sharply with depth below the euphotic zone. Particulate Mn, Cu, and Co flux profiles display mixed behavior, some cases reflecting biotic remineralization, and other cases showing increased flux with depth. The latter may be related to either lateral input of lithogenic material or increased scavenging onto particles. Lastly, particulate Fe fluxes resemble fluxes of Al and 232 Th, which all have increasing flux with depth, indicating a dominance of lithogenic flux at depth by resuspended sediment transported laterally to the study site. In comparing flux estimates derived using different isotope pairs, differences result from different timescales of integration and particle size fractionation effects. The range in flux estimates produced by different methods provides a robust constraint on the true removal fluxes, taking into consideration the independent uncertainties associated with each method. These estimates will be valuable targets for biogeochemical modeling and may also offer insight into particle sinking processes.",

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author = "Hayes, {Christopher T.} and Black, {Erin E.} and Anderson, {Robert F.} and Mark Baskaran and Buesseler, {Ken O.} and Charette, {Matthew A.} and Hai Cheng and Cochran, {J. Kirk} and Edwards, {R. Lawrence} and Patrick Fitzgerald and Lam, {Phoebe J.} and Yanbin Lu and Morris, {Stephanie O.} and Ohnemus, {Daniel C.} and Pavia, {Frank J.} and Gillian Stewart and Yi Tang",

note = "Funding Information: This study grew out of a synthesis workshop at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in August 2016. This workshop was sponsored by the U.S. GEOTRACES Project Office (NSF 1536294) and the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCP) Project Office (NSF 1558412 and NASA NNX17AB17G). The U.S. National Science Foundation supported all of the analytical work on GA03. Kuanbo Zhou measured 228Th in the large size class particles (NSF 0925158 to WHOI). NSF 1061128 to Stony Brook University supported the BaRFlux project, for which Chistina Heilbrun is acknowledged for laboratory and field work. The lead author acknowledges support from a start-up grant from the University of Southern Mississippi. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments. All GEOTRACES GA03 data used in this study are accessible through the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (http://data. bco-dmo.org/jg/dir/BCO/GEOTRACES/ NorthAtlanticTransect/), and derived parameters are reported in the supporting information. Funding Information: This study grew out of a synthesis workshop at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in August 2016. This workshop was sponsored by the U.S. GEOTRACES Project Office (NSF 1536294) and the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCP) Project Office (NSF 1558412 and NASA NNX17AB17G). The U.S. National Science Foundation supported all of the analytical work on GA03. Kuanbo Zhou measured 228Th in the large size class particles (NSF 0925158 to WHOI). NSF 1061128 to Stony Brook University supported the BaRFlux project, for which Chistina Heilbrun is acknowledged for laboratory and field work. The lead author acknowledges support from a start-up grant from the University of Southern Mississippi. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments. All GEOTRACES GA03 data used in this study are accessible through the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (http://data.bco-dmo.org/jg/dir/BCO/GEOTRACES/NorthAtlanticTransect/), and derived parameters are reported in the supporting information. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

year = "2018",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1029/2018GB005994",

language = "English (US)",

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AU - Anderson, Robert F.

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AU - Buesseler, Ken O.

AU - Charette, Matthew A.

AU - Cheng, Hai

AU - Cochran, J. Kirk

AU - Edwards, R. Lawrence

AU - Fitzgerald, Patrick

AU - Lam, Phoebe J.

AU - Lu, Yanbin

AU - Morris, Stephanie O.

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AU - Pavia, Frank J.

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N2 - Sinking particles strongly regulate the distribution of reactive chemical substances in the ocean, including particulate organic carbon and other elements (e.g., P, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Al, and 232 Th). Yet, the sinking fluxes of trace elements have not been well described in the global ocean. The U.S. GEOTRACES campaign in the North Atlantic (GA03) offers the first data set in which the sinking flux of carbon and trace elements can be derived using four different radionuclide pairs ( 238 U :234 Th ;210 Pb: 210 Po; 228 Ra: 228 Th; and 234 U: 230 Th) at stations co-located with sediment trap fluxes for comparison. Particulate organic carbon, particulate P, and particulate Cd fluxes all decrease sharply with depth below the euphotic zone. Particulate Mn, Cu, and Co flux profiles display mixed behavior, some cases reflecting biotic remineralization, and other cases showing increased flux with depth. The latter may be related to either lateral input of lithogenic material or increased scavenging onto particles. Lastly, particulate Fe fluxes resemble fluxes of Al and 232 Th, which all have increasing flux with depth, indicating a dominance of lithogenic flux at depth by resuspended sediment transported laterally to the study site. In comparing flux estimates derived using different isotope pairs, differences result from different timescales of integration and particle size fractionation effects. The range in flux estimates produced by different methods provides a robust constraint on the true removal fluxes, taking into consideration the independent uncertainties associated with each method. These estimates will be valuable targets for biogeochemical modeling and may also offer insight into particle sinking processes.

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Flux of Particulate Elements in the North Atlantic Ocean Constrained by Multiple Radionuclides

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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