TY - JOUR
T1 - Food, agriculture & the environment
T2 - Can we feed the world & save the earth?
AU - Tilman, David
AU - Clark, Michael
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 by the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
PY - 2015/9/1
Y1 - 2015/9/1
N2 - Secure and nutritious food supplies are the foundation of human health and development, and of stable societies. Yet food production also poses signi½cant threats to the environment through greenhouse gas emissions, pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services from the conversion of vast amounts of natural ecosystems into croplands and pastures. Global agricultural production is on a trajectory to double by 2050 because of both increases in the global population and the dietary changes associated with growing incomes. Here we examine the environmental problems that would result from these dietary shifts toward greater meat and calorie consumption and from the increase in agricultural production needed to provide this food. Several solutions, all of which are possible with current knowledge and technology, could substantially reduce agriculture’s environmental impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, land clearing, and threats to biodiversity. In particular, the adoption of healthier diets and investment in increasing crop yields in developing nations would greatly reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture, lead to greater global health, and provide a path toward a secure and nutritious food supply for developing nations.
AB - Secure and nutritious food supplies are the foundation of human health and development, and of stable societies. Yet food production also poses signi½cant threats to the environment through greenhouse gas emissions, pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services from the conversion of vast amounts of natural ecosystems into croplands and pastures. Global agricultural production is on a trajectory to double by 2050 because of both increases in the global population and the dietary changes associated with growing incomes. Here we examine the environmental problems that would result from these dietary shifts toward greater meat and calorie consumption and from the increase in agricultural production needed to provide this food. Several solutions, all of which are possible with current knowledge and technology, could substantially reduce agriculture’s environmental impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, land clearing, and threats to biodiversity. In particular, the adoption of healthier diets and investment in increasing crop yields in developing nations would greatly reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture, lead to greater global health, and provide a path toward a secure and nutritious food supply for developing nations.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84942874366&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84942874366&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1162/DAED_a_00350
DO - 10.1162/DAED_a_00350
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84942874366
SN - 0011-5266
VL - 144
SP - 8
EP - 23
JO - Daedalus
JF - Daedalus
IS - 4
ER -