Foresters' perceptions of windthrow dynamics in northern minnesota riparian management zones

A survey was mailed to foresters in northern Minnesota to identify their perceptions of what conditions result in higher incidence of windthrow in riparian management zones (RMZ) where the upland has been clearcut. Results indicate that foresters think many variables impact windthrow, often interacting in complex ways. Foresters considered topographic exposure, species, soil moisture, and aspect as the more important factors to consider when trying to mitigate windthrow in RMZs. In general, perceptions and rankings of windthrow factors by foresters are in agreement with the published literature. Based on foresters' perceptions, recommendations are provided to assist forest resource managers in making decisions about retaining trees within streamside RMZs.