Abstract
Purpose: To implement a free-breathing sequence for simultaneous quantification of (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.) for comprehensive tissue characterization of the myocardium in a single scan using a multi-gradient-echo readout with saturation and (Formula presented.) preparation pulses. Methods: In the proposed Saturation And (Formula presented.) -prepared Relaxometry with Navigator-gating (SATURN) technique, a series of multi-gradient-echo (GRE) images with different magnetization preparations was acquired during free breathing. A total of 35 images were acquired in 26.5 ± 14.9 seconds using multiple saturation times and (Formula presented.) preparation durations and with imaging at 5 echo times. Bloch simulations and phantom experiments were used to validate a 5-parameter fit model for accurate relaxometry. Free-breathing simultaneous (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.) measurements were performed in 10 healthy volunteers and 2 patients using SATURN at 3T and quantitatively compared to conventional single-parameter methods such as SASHA for (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.) -prepared bSSFP, and multi-GRE for (Formula presented.). Results: Simulations confirmed accurate fitting with the 5-parameter model. Phantom measurements showed good agreement with the reference methods in the relevant range for in vivo measurements. Compared to single-parameter methods comparable accuracy was achieved. SATURN produced in vivo parameter maps that were visually comparable to single-parameter methods. No significant difference between (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.) times acquired with SATURN and single-parameter methods was shown in quantitative measurements (SATURN (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.); conventional methods: (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.); (Formula presented.)). Conclusion: SATURN enables simultaneous quantification of (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.) in the myocardium for comprehensive tissue characterization with co-registered maps, in a single scan with good agreement to single-parameter methods.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1226-1240 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Magnetic resonance in medicine |
Volume | 86 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors acknowledge grant support by the 4TU Federation, ZonMW OffRoad 04510011910073, a NWO Startup STU.019.024 and the NIH R01HL153146, R21EB028369, P41EB027061.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Keywords
- T2∗ mapping
- cardiac quantitative imaging
- free-breathing
- mapping
- mapping