TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender differences in self-esteem
T2 - A meta-analysis
AU - Kling, Kristen C.
AU - Hyde, Janet Shibley
AU - Showers, Carolin J.
AU - Buswell, Brenda N.
PY - 1999/7
Y1 - 1999/7
N2 - Two analyses were conducted to examine gender differences in global self-esteem. In Analysis I, a computerized literature search yielded 216 effect sizes, representing the testing of 97,121 respondents. The overall effect size was 0.21, a small difference favoring males. A significant quadratic effect of age indicated that the largest effect emerged in late adolescence (d = 0.33). In Analysis II, gender differences were examined using 3 large, nationally representative data sets from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). All of the NCES effect sizes, which collectively summarize the responses of approximately 48,000 young Americans, indicated higher male self-esteem (ds ranged from 0.04 to 0.24). Taken together, the 2 analyses provide evidence that males score higher on standard measures of global self-esteem than females, but the difference is small. Potential reasons for the small yet consistent effect size are discussed.
AB - Two analyses were conducted to examine gender differences in global self-esteem. In Analysis I, a computerized literature search yielded 216 effect sizes, representing the testing of 97,121 respondents. The overall effect size was 0.21, a small difference favoring males. A significant quadratic effect of age indicated that the largest effect emerged in late adolescence (d = 0.33). In Analysis II, gender differences were examined using 3 large, nationally representative data sets from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). All of the NCES effect sizes, which collectively summarize the responses of approximately 48,000 young Americans, indicated higher male self-esteem (ds ranged from 0.04 to 0.24). Taken together, the 2 analyses provide evidence that males score higher on standard measures of global self-esteem than females, but the difference is small. Potential reasons for the small yet consistent effect size are discussed.
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U2 - 10.1037/0033-2909.125.4.470
DO - 10.1037/0033-2909.125.4.470
M3 - Article
C2 - 10414226
AN - SCOPUS:0033158909
SN - 0033-2909
VL - 125
SP - 470
EP - 500
JO - Psychological Bulletin
JF - Psychological Bulletin
IS - 4
ER -