Generation of the e-wave of the electroretinogram in the frog retina

Chester J. Karwoski; Eric A. Newman

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(88)90136-8

Generation of the e-wave of the electroretinogram in the frog retina

Chester J. Karwoski, Eric A. Newman

Neuroscience

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3 Scopus citations

Abstract

The e-wave and a delayed-OFF increase in extracellular K⁺ concentration are both maximum in the distal half of the inner plexiform layer. These responses also have similar latency, time-course, intensity-dependence, surround properties, and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. Current source-density analysis of the e-wave reveals a current sink through the proximal retina, a source at the retinal surface, and, in some cases, a weaker source in the mid-retina. These results suggest a model for e-wave generation: delayed-OFF activity in proximal neurons releases K⁺, which enters Muller cells in the inner plexiform layer; a current exits Muller cells primarily via their endfeet, and the return flow through extracellular space produces the e-wave.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1095-1105
Number of pages	11
Journal	Vision Research
Volume	28
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(88)90136-8
State	Published - 1988

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The delayed-OFF and fast-OFF responses (AV,, and A[K+],) of the proximal retina differed in their sensitivity to TTX (Fig. 8). The delayed-OFF responses were depressed - 50% by TTX, whereas the fast-OFF responses were unaffected, or even increased, This suggests a difference in the relative role of action potentials in generating these responses. The mechanism underlying this difference is unknown, but might have to do with the time courses of photoreceptor responses. For example. delayed-OFF responses of the proximal retina are ini- tiated by a gradual event, the decay of the rod aftereffect (Fig. 1). When the proximal retina is driven by such a slow signal, action potentials may play a major role in the amplification of responses, and/or in the release of K+ Fast-OFF responseso f the proximal retina, however, are triggered by more abrupt OFF-responses in the photoreceptors. Under these circumstances, action potentials may be relatively less important in the propagation of responses through the proximal retina, and/or in the release of K+ AcknoM?ledgemenfs-rTehsies arcwha ss upporteidn part by NIH grants EY-03526to Luis M. ProenzaE, Y-01429to Roy H. SteinbergE, Y-04077t o Eric A. Newmana, nd EY-00090to JeromeY . Lettvin.W e thankD rs Roy H. Steinberg, Joe Immel, and Laura J. Frishman for helpful discussion and for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

Keywords

Current source density analysis
Electroretinogram
K selective microelectrode
Rana pipiens
Tetrodotoxin

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title = "Generation of the e-wave of the electroretinogram in the frog retina",

abstract = "The e-wave and a delayed-OFF increase in extracellular K+ concentration are both maximum in the distal half of the inner plexiform layer. These responses also have similar latency, time-course, intensity-dependence, surround properties, and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. Current source-density analysis of the e-wave reveals a current sink through the proximal retina, a source at the retinal surface, and, in some cases, a weaker source in the mid-retina. These results suggest a model for e-wave generation: delayed-OFF activity in proximal neurons releases K+, which enters Muller cells in the inner plexiform layer; a current exits Muller cells primarily via their endfeet, and the return flow through extracellular space produces the e-wave.",

keywords = "Current source density analysis, Electroretinogram, K selective microelectrode, Rana pipiens, Tetrodotoxin",

author = "Karwoski, {Chester J.} and Newman, {Eric A.}",

note = "Funding Information: The delayed-OFF and fast-OFF responses (AV,, and A[K+],) of the proximal retina differed in their sensitivity to TTX (Fig. 8). The delayed-OFF responses were depressed - 50% by TTX, whereas the fast-OFF responses were unaffected, or even increased, This suggests a difference in the relative role of action potentials in generating these responses. The mechanism underlying this difference is unknown, but might have to do with the time courses of photoreceptor responses. For example. delayed-OFF responses of the proximal retina are ini- tiated by a gradual event, the decay of the rod aftereffect (Fig. 1). When the proximal retina is driven by such a slow signal, action potentials may play a major role in the amplification of responses, and/or in the release of K+ Fast-OFF responseso f the proximal retina, however, are triggered by more abrupt OFF-responses in the photoreceptors. Under these circumstances, action potentials may be relatively less important in the propagation of responses through the proximal retina, and/or in the release of K+ AcknoM?ledgemenfs-rTehsies arcwha ss upporteidn part by NIH grants EY-03526to Luis M. ProenzaE, Y-01429to Roy H. SteinbergE, Y-04077t o Eric A. Newmana, nd EY-00090to JeromeY . Lettvin.W e thankD rs Roy H. Steinberg, Joe Immel, and Laura J. Frishman for helpful discussion and for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.",

year = "1988",

doi = "10.1016/0042-6989(88)90136-8",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "28",

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journal = "Vision Research",

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T1 - Generation of the e-wave of the electroretinogram in the frog retina

AU - Karwoski, Chester J.

AU - Newman, Eric A.

N1 - Funding Information: The delayed-OFF and fast-OFF responses (AV,, and A[K+],) of the proximal retina differed in their sensitivity to TTX (Fig. 8). The delayed-OFF responses were depressed - 50% by TTX, whereas the fast-OFF responses were unaffected, or even increased, This suggests a difference in the relative role of action potentials in generating these responses. The mechanism underlying this difference is unknown, but might have to do with the time courses of photoreceptor responses. For example. delayed-OFF responses of the proximal retina are ini- tiated by a gradual event, the decay of the rod aftereffect (Fig. 1). When the proximal retina is driven by such a slow signal, action potentials may play a major role in the amplification of responses, and/or in the release of K+ Fast-OFF responseso f the proximal retina, however, are triggered by more abrupt OFF-responses in the photoreceptors. Under these circumstances, action potentials may be relatively less important in the propagation of responses through the proximal retina, and/or in the release of K+ AcknoM?ledgemenfs-rTehsies arcwha ss upporteidn part by NIH grants EY-03526to Luis M. ProenzaE, Y-01429to Roy H. SteinbergE, Y-04077t o Eric A. Newmana, nd EY-00090to JeromeY . Lettvin.W e thankD rs Roy H. Steinberg, Joe Immel, and Laura J. Frishman for helpful discussion and for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

PY - 1988

Y1 - 1988

N2 - The e-wave and a delayed-OFF increase in extracellular K+ concentration are both maximum in the distal half of the inner plexiform layer. These responses also have similar latency, time-course, intensity-dependence, surround properties, and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. Current source-density analysis of the e-wave reveals a current sink through the proximal retina, a source at the retinal surface, and, in some cases, a weaker source in the mid-retina. These results suggest a model for e-wave generation: delayed-OFF activity in proximal neurons releases K+, which enters Muller cells in the inner plexiform layer; a current exits Muller cells primarily via their endfeet, and the return flow through extracellular space produces the e-wave.

AB - The e-wave and a delayed-OFF increase in extracellular K+ concentration are both maximum in the distal half of the inner plexiform layer. These responses also have similar latency, time-course, intensity-dependence, surround properties, and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. Current source-density analysis of the e-wave reveals a current sink through the proximal retina, a source at the retinal surface, and, in some cases, a weaker source in the mid-retina. These results suggest a model for e-wave generation: delayed-OFF activity in proximal neurons releases K+, which enters Muller cells in the inner plexiform layer; a current exits Muller cells primarily via their endfeet, and the return flow through extracellular space produces the e-wave.

KW - Current source density analysis

KW - Electroretinogram

KW - K selective microelectrode

KW - Rana pipiens

KW - Tetrodotoxin

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DO - 10.1016/0042-6989(88)90136-8

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EP - 1105

JO - Vision Research

JF - Vision Research

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ER -

Generation of the e-wave of the electroretinogram in the frog retina

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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