TY - JOUR
T1 - Glenohumeral dysplasia changes after tendon transfer surgery in children with birth brachial plexus injuries
AU - Van Heest, Ann
AU - Glisson, Colleen
AU - Ma, Hanley
PY - 2010/6/1
Y1 - 2010/6/1
N2 - Background: This study hypothesizes that children with gleno-humeral dysplasia secondary to birth brachial plexopathy treated with tendon transfer surgery at a younger age will show greater radiographic improvement than those treated at an older age. Methods: Twenty-six children treated with latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfer had preoperative and 1 year postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans at an average follow-up of 17 months (10 to 46 mo). Average age at surgery was 44 months (10 to 134 mo). CT scans were measured for glenoid version and percent humeral head anterior to the mid- scapular line (PHHA). Shoulders were classified as dislocated (PHHA 0%), subluxed (PHHA 1% to 35%), or normal positioning (> 35%). Two age groups were compared: 24 months or less at the time of surgery (n = 11); and greater than 2 years (n = 15). Concomitant surgical techniques were also evaluated. Results: For the 11 children treated at 24 months of age or less, PHHA averaged 13% preoperatively (range: 0% to 54%) and postoperatively 42% (range: 25% to 51%); glenoid version averaged - 25 degrees preoperatively (range: - 36 to - 11 degrees) and postoperatively - 14 degrees (range: - 31 to - 2 degrees); and preoperatively 5 shoulders were dislocated, 5 subluxed, and 1 normal; whereas postoperatively 0 shoulders were dislocated, 2 subluxed, and 9 normally positioned. For the 15 children treated at greater than 2 years of age, PHHA averaged 30% preoperatively (range: 0% to 53%) and post- operatively 33% (range: 0% to 57%); glenoid version averaged - 17 degrees preoperatively (range: - 27 to - 4 degrees) and postoperatively - 16 degrees (range: - 31 to - 2 degrees); and preoperatively 2 shoulders were dislocated, 6 subluxed, and 7 normal; whereas postoperatively 2 shoulders were dislocated, 5 subluxed, and 8 normally positioned. Conclusions: Eleven children treated at 24 months of age or less had significantly greater improvement in the CT scan radiographic measurements of glenohumeral dysplasia, than the 15 children treated at greater than 2 years of age. The effect of age had greater correlation with improvement than open reduction. For children undergoing tendon transfer for lack of active external rotation due to brachial plexus birth injury, improvement in glenohumeral dysplasia can be achieved if the surgery is performed before 2 years of age.
AB - Background: This study hypothesizes that children with gleno-humeral dysplasia secondary to birth brachial plexopathy treated with tendon transfer surgery at a younger age will show greater radiographic improvement than those treated at an older age. Methods: Twenty-six children treated with latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfer had preoperative and 1 year postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans at an average follow-up of 17 months (10 to 46 mo). Average age at surgery was 44 months (10 to 134 mo). CT scans were measured for glenoid version and percent humeral head anterior to the mid- scapular line (PHHA). Shoulders were classified as dislocated (PHHA 0%), subluxed (PHHA 1% to 35%), or normal positioning (> 35%). Two age groups were compared: 24 months or less at the time of surgery (n = 11); and greater than 2 years (n = 15). Concomitant surgical techniques were also evaluated. Results: For the 11 children treated at 24 months of age or less, PHHA averaged 13% preoperatively (range: 0% to 54%) and postoperatively 42% (range: 25% to 51%); glenoid version averaged - 25 degrees preoperatively (range: - 36 to - 11 degrees) and postoperatively - 14 degrees (range: - 31 to - 2 degrees); and preoperatively 5 shoulders were dislocated, 5 subluxed, and 1 normal; whereas postoperatively 0 shoulders were dislocated, 2 subluxed, and 9 normally positioned. For the 15 children treated at greater than 2 years of age, PHHA averaged 30% preoperatively (range: 0% to 53%) and post- operatively 33% (range: 0% to 57%); glenoid version averaged - 17 degrees preoperatively (range: - 27 to - 4 degrees) and postoperatively - 16 degrees (range: - 31 to - 2 degrees); and preoperatively 2 shoulders were dislocated, 6 subluxed, and 7 normal; whereas postoperatively 2 shoulders were dislocated, 5 subluxed, and 8 normally positioned. Conclusions: Eleven children treated at 24 months of age or less had significantly greater improvement in the CT scan radiographic measurements of glenohumeral dysplasia, than the 15 children treated at greater than 2 years of age. The effect of age had greater correlation with improvement than open reduction. For children undergoing tendon transfer for lack of active external rotation due to brachial plexus birth injury, improvement in glenohumeral dysplasia can be achieved if the surgery is performed before 2 years of age.
KW - Birth brachial plexus injuries
KW - Glenohumeral dysplasia
KW - Pediatric shoulder
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77955888815&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77955888815&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181d8d34d
DO - 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181d8d34d
M3 - Article
C2 - 20502238
AN - SCOPUS:77955888815
SN - 0271-6798
VL - 30
SP - 371
EP - 378
JO - Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
JF - Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
IS - 4
ER -