TY - JOUR
T1 - Goat Digestion Leads to Low Survival and Viability of Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) Seeds
AU - Marchetto, Katherine M.
AU - Heuschele, D. Jo
AU - Larkin, Daniel J.
AU - Wolf, Tiffany M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Natural Areas Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/4/1
Y1 - 2020/4/1
N2 - The use of goat browsing for invasive plant management is growing in the United States, but many questions remain about the efficacy of goat browsing for invasive plant control. One common concern of land managers and other stakeholders is whether goats can spread invasive plants through endozoochory (seed dispersal via ingestion and excretion in feces). We evaluated this possibility using common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), an invasive shrub for which goats are often employed as a control method. Goats were fed buckthorn berries, and their feces were collected and examined at 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr post-ingestion for intact seeds that survived gut passage. A low proportion of buckthorn seeds (2%) made it through the goat digestive system intact. Of these, only 11% remained viable, compared to 63% viability of control seeds. We conclude that consumption of buckthorn fruits by goats effectively destroys seeds, indicating low risk of dispersal via gut passage. To put these results in context, and provide more guidance for land managers, we additionally reviewed literature investigating seed recovery following ingestion by goats. Based on a synthetic analysis across 28 plant species, we found that seeds >4 mm long were unlikely to be recovered from feces intact, while smaller seeds posed higher dispersal risk.
AB - The use of goat browsing for invasive plant management is growing in the United States, but many questions remain about the efficacy of goat browsing for invasive plant control. One common concern of land managers and other stakeholders is whether goats can spread invasive plants through endozoochory (seed dispersal via ingestion and excretion in feces). We evaluated this possibility using common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), an invasive shrub for which goats are often employed as a control method. Goats were fed buckthorn berries, and their feces were collected and examined at 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr post-ingestion for intact seeds that survived gut passage. A low proportion of buckthorn seeds (2%) made it through the goat digestive system intact. Of these, only 11% remained viable, compared to 63% viability of control seeds. We conclude that consumption of buckthorn fruits by goats effectively destroys seeds, indicating low risk of dispersal via gut passage. To put these results in context, and provide more guidance for land managers, we additionally reviewed literature investigating seed recovery following ingestion by goats. Based on a synthetic analysis across 28 plant species, we found that seeds >4 mm long were unlikely to be recovered from feces intact, while smaller seeds posed higher dispersal risk.
KW - browsing management
KW - endozoochory
KW - gut passage
KW - invasive plant management
KW - ruminants
KW - seed viability
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083314721&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85083314721&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3375/043.040.0206
DO - 10.3375/043.040.0206
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85083314721
SN - 0885-8608
VL - 40
SP - 150
EP - 154
JO - Natural Areas Journal
JF - Natural Areas Journal
IS - 2
ER -