Guided Modes of Anisotropic van der Waals Materials Investigated by near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

Daniel Wintz; Kundan Chaudhary; Ke Wang; Luis A. Jauregui; Antonio Ambrosio; Michele Tamagnone; Alexander Y. Zhu; Robert C. Devlin; Jesse D. Crossno; Kateryna Pistunova; Kenji Watanabe; Takashi Taniguchi; Philip Kim; Federico Capasso

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01518

Guided Modes of Anisotropic van der Waals Materials Investigated by near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

Daniel Wintz, Kundan Chaudhary, Ke Wang, Luis A. Jauregui, Antonio Ambrosio, Michele Tamagnone, Alexander Y. Zhu, Robert C. Devlin, Jesse D. Crossno, Kateryna Pistunova, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Philip Kim, Federico Capasso

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Guided modes in nanometer thick anisotropic van der Waals materials are experimentally investigated and their refractive indices in visible wavelengths are extracted. Our method involves near-field scanning optical microscopy of waveguide (transverse electric) and surface plasmon polariton (transverse magnetic) modes in h-BN/SiO₂/Si and Ag/h-BN stacks, respectively. We determine the dispersion of these modes and use this relationship to extract anisotropic refractive indices of h-BN flakes. In the wavelength interval 550-700 nm, the in-plane and out-of-plane refractive indices are in the range 1.98-2.12 and 1.45-2.12, respectively. Our approach of using near-field scanning optical microscopy allows for the direct study of the interaction between light and two-dimensional van der Waals materials and heterostructures.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1196-1201
Number of pages	6
Journal	ACS Photonics
Volume	5
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01518
State	Published - Apr 18 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the NSF EFRI, Award No. 1542807. This work was performed in part at the Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF ECCS Award No. 1541959. M.T. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Grant No. 168545. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the KAKENHI Grant No. JP15K217.

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the NSF EFRI, Award No. 1542807. This work was performed in part at the Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF ECCS Award No. 1541959. M.T. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Grant No. 168545. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan and JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. JP15K217.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Chemical Society.

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Wintz, D., Chaudhary, K., Wang, K., Jauregui, L. A., Ambrosio, A., Tamagnone, M., Zhu, A. Y., Devlin, R. C., Crossno, J. D., Pistunova, K., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Kim, P., & Capasso, F. (2018). Guided Modes of Anisotropic van der Waals Materials Investigated by near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy. ACS Photonics, 5(4), 1196-1201. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01518

Wintz, D, Chaudhary, K, Wang, K, Jauregui, LA, Ambrosio, A, Tamagnone, M, Zhu, AY, Devlin, RC, Crossno, JD, Pistunova, K, Watanabe, K, Taniguchi, T, Kim, P & Capasso, F 2018, 'Guided Modes of Anisotropic van der Waals Materials Investigated by near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy', ACS Photonics, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1196-1201. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01518

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abstract = "Guided modes in nanometer thick anisotropic van der Waals materials are experimentally investigated and their refractive indices in visible wavelengths are extracted. Our method involves near-field scanning optical microscopy of waveguide (transverse electric) and surface plasmon polariton (transverse magnetic) modes in h-BN/SiO2/Si and Ag/h-BN stacks, respectively. We determine the dispersion of these modes and use this relationship to extract anisotropic refractive indices of h-BN flakes. In the wavelength interval 550-700 nm, the in-plane and out-of-plane refractive indices are in the range 1.98-2.12 and 1.45-2.12, respectively. Our approach of using near-field scanning optical microscopy allows for the direct study of the interaction between light and two-dimensional van der Waals materials and heterostructures.",

author = "Daniel Wintz and Kundan Chaudhary and Ke Wang and Jauregui, {Luis A.} and Antonio Ambrosio and Michele Tamagnone and Zhu, {Alexander Y.} and Devlin, {Robert C.} and Crossno, {Jesse D.} and Kateryna Pistunova and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Philip Kim and Federico Capasso",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the NSF EFRI, Award No. 1542807. This work was performed in part at the Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF ECCS Award No. 1541959. M.T. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Grant No. 168545. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the KAKENHI Grant No. JP15K217. Funding Information: This work was supported by the NSF EFRI, Award No. 1542807. This work was performed in part at the Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF ECCS Award No. 1541959. M.T. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Grant No. 168545. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan and JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. JP15K217. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Chemical Society.",

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AU - Chaudhary, Kundan

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AU - Jauregui, Luis A.

AU - Ambrosio, Antonio

AU - Tamagnone, Michele

AU - Zhu, Alexander Y.

AU - Devlin, Robert C.

AU - Crossno, Jesse D.

AU - Pistunova, Kateryna

AU - Watanabe, Kenji

AU - Taniguchi, Takashi

AU - Kim, Philip

AU - Capasso, Federico

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N2 - Guided modes in nanometer thick anisotropic van der Waals materials are experimentally investigated and their refractive indices in visible wavelengths are extracted. Our method involves near-field scanning optical microscopy of waveguide (transverse electric) and surface plasmon polariton (transverse magnetic) modes in h-BN/SiO2/Si and Ag/h-BN stacks, respectively. We determine the dispersion of these modes and use this relationship to extract anisotropic refractive indices of h-BN flakes. In the wavelength interval 550-700 nm, the in-plane and out-of-plane refractive indices are in the range 1.98-2.12 and 1.45-2.12, respectively. Our approach of using near-field scanning optical microscopy allows for the direct study of the interaction between light and two-dimensional van der Waals materials and heterostructures.

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Guided Modes of Anisotropic van der Waals Materials Investigated by near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

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