TY - JOUR
T1 - High body mass index masks body composition differences in physically active versus sedentary participants
AU - Santi, Andrea
AU - Bosch, Tyler A.
AU - Bantle, Anne E.
AU - Alvear, Alison
AU - Wang, Qi
AU - Hodges, James S.
AU - Dengel, Donald R.
AU - Chow, Lisa S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - Background: Despite the benefits of aerobic exercise on body composition, runners with high body mass index (BMI) remain understudied. We examined body composition differences between sedentary insulin-resistant [obese insulin-resistant sedentary (OS-IR)], sedentary insulin-sensitive [obese insulin-sensitive sedentary (OS-IS)], and trained [obese trained (OT)] individuals with high BMI (≥25 kg/m2). We hypothesized that after matching for high BMI, OT individuals would have less fat mass (absolute and relative) and greater lean mass than OS-IR or OS-IS individuals. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of OS-IR, OS-IS, and OT participants selected for similar age, sex, and BMI. Activity was self-reported. OT participants exercised at least 30 min/day (predominantly running) for 3-5 days/week. OS-IS and OS-IR participants actively exercised <0.5 hr/week. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Thirty-three participants were recruited [n = 11/group, mean age 31.7 years (standard error): (0.9)], 7 females/group, overall BMI [31.6 kg/m2 (0.7)]. Insulin resistance, quantified by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, was higher in the OS-IR [3.3 (0.2)] than the OS-IS [0.9 (0.2): P < 0.0001] or OT [1.6 (0.2): P < 0.0001] groups. We found the following: (i) Compared to the OS-IR group, the OT group had lower region-specific fat mass as measured by percent fat (trunk) or absolute fat mass (trunk, android region, and abdominal visceral region). (ii) OT and OS-IS groups had similar body composition. (iii) Total fat mass and percent body fat correlated with BMI, (iv) Visceral fat correlated with BMI (r = 0.80, P = 0.003) only in the OS-IR (P = 0.03 for BMI × group interaction). Conclusions: Using BMI to classify obesity masks body composition differences in high BMI individuals discrepant for insulin resistance and physical activity status.
AB - Background: Despite the benefits of aerobic exercise on body composition, runners with high body mass index (BMI) remain understudied. We examined body composition differences between sedentary insulin-resistant [obese insulin-resistant sedentary (OS-IR)], sedentary insulin-sensitive [obese insulin-sensitive sedentary (OS-IS)], and trained [obese trained (OT)] individuals with high BMI (≥25 kg/m2). We hypothesized that after matching for high BMI, OT individuals would have less fat mass (absolute and relative) and greater lean mass than OS-IR or OS-IS individuals. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of OS-IR, OS-IS, and OT participants selected for similar age, sex, and BMI. Activity was self-reported. OT participants exercised at least 30 min/day (predominantly running) for 3-5 days/week. OS-IS and OS-IR participants actively exercised <0.5 hr/week. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Thirty-three participants were recruited [n = 11/group, mean age 31.7 years (standard error): (0.9)], 7 females/group, overall BMI [31.6 kg/m2 (0.7)]. Insulin resistance, quantified by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, was higher in the OS-IR [3.3 (0.2)] than the OS-IS [0.9 (0.2): P < 0.0001] or OT [1.6 (0.2): P < 0.0001] groups. We found the following: (i) Compared to the OS-IR group, the OT group had lower region-specific fat mass as measured by percent fat (trunk) or absolute fat mass (trunk, android region, and abdominal visceral region). (ii) OT and OS-IS groups had similar body composition. (iii) Total fat mass and percent body fat correlated with BMI, (iv) Visceral fat correlated with BMI (r = 0.80, P = 0.003) only in the OS-IR (P = 0.03 for BMI × group interaction). Conclusions: Using BMI to classify obesity masks body composition differences in high BMI individuals discrepant for insulin resistance and physical activity status.
KW - Body composition
KW - Exercise
KW - Obesity
KW - Sedentary
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U2 - 10.1089/met.2018.0042
DO - 10.1089/met.2018.0042
M3 - Article
C2 - 30129821
AN - SCOPUS:85055908189
SN - 1540-4196
VL - 16
SP - 483
EP - 489
JO - Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders
JF - Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders
IS - 9
ER -