High open-circuit voltage photovoltaic cells with a low bandgap copolymer of isothianaphthene, thiophene, and benzothiadiazole units

Engineering & Materials Science

• Butyric acid 100%
• Thiophene 97%
• Photovoltaic cells 71%
• Open circuit voltage 71%
• Copolymers 70%
• Energy gap 66%
• Esters 64%
• X ray scattering 26%
• Electrons 25%
• Polymers 24%
• Phase separation 21%
• Carrier transport 13%
• Charge carriers 12%
• Heterojunctions 10%
• Charge transfer 10%
• Solubility 9%
• Field effect transistors 8%
• Solar cells 8%
• Conversion efficiency 8%
• Thermoanalysis 8%
• Short circuit currents 8%
• Testbeds 8%
• Lighting 6%
• Switches 6%
• Chemical analysis 5%

Physics & Astronomy

• butyric acid 76%
• thiophenes 74%
• photovoltaic cells 69%
• esters 67%
• phenyls 64%
• open circuit voltage 59%
• copolymers 57%
• high voltages 51%
• polymers 19%
• electrons 10%
• short circuit currents 8%
• scattering 8%
• thermal analysis 8%
• solubility 7%
• x rays 7%
• performance 7%
• heterojunctions 7%
• charge carriers 7%
• switches 6%
• field effect transistors 6%
• atomic force microscopy 6%
• illumination 6%
• solar cells 6%

Chemical Compounds

• Benzothiadiazole 78%
• Thiophene 53%
• Band Gap 44%
• Voltage 42%
• Copolymer 38%
• Acid 20%
• Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering 17%
• Phase Separation 14%
• Disordered Structure 10%
• Amorphous Structure 10%
• Short Circuit 8%
• Field Effect 8%
• Liquid Film 8%
• Charge Carrier 8%
• Electron Acceptor 7%
• Illumination 7%
• Solar Cell 7%
• Thermoanalysis 7%
• Atomic Force Microscopy 6%
• Charge Transfer 5%
• Solubility 5%
• Electron Particle 4%
• Weight 4%