Abstract
Background: Recent studies suggest that influenza vaccination in the previous season may influence the effectiveness of current-season vaccination, but this has not been assessed in a single population over multiple years.
Methods: Patients presenting with acute respiratory illness were prospectively enrolled during the 2004-2005 through 2012-2013 influenza seasons. Respiratory swabs were tested for influenza and vaccination dates obtained from a validated registry. Vaccination status was determined for the current, previous, and prior 5 seasons. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated for participants aged ≥9 years using logistic regression models with an interaction term for vaccination history.
Results: There were 7315 enrollments during 8 seasons; 1056 (14%) and 650 (9%) were positive for influenza A (H3N2) and B, respectively. Vaccination during current only, previous only, or both seasons yielded similar protection against H3N2 (adjusted VE range, 31%-36%) and B (52%-66%). In the analysis using 5 years of historical vaccination data, current season VE against H3N2 was significantly higher among vaccinated individuals with no prior vaccination history (65%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 36%-80%) compared with vaccinated individuals with a frequent vaccination history (24%; 95% CI, 3%-41%; P =.01). VE against B was 75% (95% CI, 50%-87%) and 48% (95% CI, 29%-62%), respectively (P =.05). Similar findings were observed when analysis was restricted to adults 18-49 years.
Conclusions: Current- and previous-season vaccination generated similar levels of protection, and vaccineinduced protection was greatest for individuals not vaccinated during the prior 5 years. Additional studies are needed to understand the long-term effects of annual vaccination.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1375-1385 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Clinical Infectious Diseases |
Volume | 59 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 15 2014 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© The Author 2014.
Keywords
- Influenza
- Vaccine effectiveness