TY - JOUR
T1 - Improved Cryosurgery by Use of Thermophysical and Inflammatory Adjuvants
AU - Han, Bumsoo
AU - Iftekhar, Arif
AU - Bischof, John C.
PY - 2004/4
Y1 - 2004/4
N2 - In the present article, recent research efforts in our laboratory to improve cryosurgery by use of mechanistically derived adjuvants are reviewed. Our research has been focused on enhancing two freezing induced injury mechanisms - i) direct cell injury by use of thermophysical adjuvants, and ii) vascular injury by use of an inflammatory adjuvant. The thermophysical adjuvants are chemicals, usually salts, which can induce secondary crystallization, called eutectic solidification, in a cryolesion; thereby enhancing direct cell injury. The inflammatory adjuvant is a cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which upregulates inflammation of microvasculature in tumors prior to freezing to promote vascular injury in the cryolesion. Even though the individual mechanism of injury enhancement within the cryolesion of each adjuvant requires further study, both adjuvants are envisioned to enlarge the complete killing zone so that the boundary of the cryolesion matches more closely with the edge of ice-ball. By bringing the edge of the cryolesion closer to the edge of ice-ball, the adjuvants hold promise for improvement of image guidance and outcome of cryosurgery.
AB - In the present article, recent research efforts in our laboratory to improve cryosurgery by use of mechanistically derived adjuvants are reviewed. Our research has been focused on enhancing two freezing induced injury mechanisms - i) direct cell injury by use of thermophysical adjuvants, and ii) vascular injury by use of an inflammatory adjuvant. The thermophysical adjuvants are chemicals, usually salts, which can induce secondary crystallization, called eutectic solidification, in a cryolesion; thereby enhancing direct cell injury. The inflammatory adjuvant is a cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which upregulates inflammation of microvasculature in tumors prior to freezing to promote vascular injury in the cryolesion. Even though the individual mechanism of injury enhancement within the cryolesion of each adjuvant requires further study, both adjuvants are envisioned to enlarge the complete killing zone so that the boundary of the cryolesion matches more closely with the edge of ice-ball. By bringing the edge of the cryolesion closer to the edge of ice-ball, the adjuvants hold promise for improvement of image guidance and outcome of cryosurgery.
KW - Adjuvants
KW - Direct cell injury
KW - Enhancement of cryoinjury
KW - Eutectic solidification
KW - Inflammation
KW - Tumor necrosis factor - alpha
KW - Vascular injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=2142753055&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1177/153303460400300203
DO - 10.1177/153303460400300203
M3 - Review article
C2 - 15059016
AN - SCOPUS:2142753055
SN - 1533-0346
VL - 3
SP - 103
EP - 111
JO - Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment
JF - Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment
IS - 2
ER -