Inherent bias in correlation averaged images

The correlation averaging algorithm frequently used to enhance micrographs of repeating structures contains an inherent bias that favours images with larger pixel values or positive noise levels. This bias not only skews the composite image toward higher pixel values, but also distorts the image by increasing the value of high‐valued pixels more than that of low‐valued pixels. These errors are especially important in scanning probe microscopy images where the pixel value reflects a distinct height. A similar algorithm that uses a structure function in place of the correlation function eliminates this bias. 1995 Blackwell Science Ltd