TY - JOUR
T1 - Intake fraction for particulate matter
T2 - Recommendations for life cycle impact assessment
AU - Humbert, Sebastien
AU - Marshall, Julian D.
AU - Shaked, Shanna
AU - Spadaro, Joseph V.
AU - Nishioka, Yurika
AU - Preiss, Philipp
AU - McKone, Thomas E.
AU - Horvath, Arpad
AU - Jolliet, Olivier
PY - 2011/6/1
Y1 - 2011/6/1
N2 - Particulate matter (PM) is a significant contributor to death and disease globally. This paper summarizes the work of an international expert group on the integration of human exposure to PM into life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), within the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative. We review literature-derived intake fraction values (the fraction of emissions that are inhaled), based on emission release height and "archetypal" environment (indoor versus outdoor; urban, rural, or remote locations). Recommended intake fraction values are provided for primary PM10-2.5 (coarse particles), primary PM 2.5 (fine particles), and secondary PM2.5 from SO 2, NOx, and NH3. Intake fraction values vary by orders of magnitude among conditions considered. For outdoor primary PM 2.5, representative intake fraction values (units: milligrams inhaled per kilogram emitted) for urban, rural, and remote areas, respectively, are 44, 3.8, and 0.1 for ground-level emissions, versus 26, 2.6, and 0.1 for an emission-weighted stack height. For outdoor secondary PM, source location and source characteristics typically have only a minor influence on the magnitude of the intake fraction (exception: intake fraction values can be an order of magnitude lower for remote-location emission than for other locations). Outdoor secondary PM2.5 intake fractions averaged over respective locations and stack heights are 0.89 (from SO2), 0.18 (NOx), and 1.7 (NH3). Estimated average intake fractions are greater for primary PM10-2.5 than for primary PM2.5 (21 versus 15), owing in part to differences in average emission height (lower, and therefore closer to people, for PM10-2.5 than PM2.5). For indoor emissions, typical intake fraction values are ∼1000-7000. This paper aims to provide as complete and consistent an archetype framework as possible, given current understanding of each pollutant. Values presented here facilitate incorporating regional impacts into LCIA for human health damage from PM.
AB - Particulate matter (PM) is a significant contributor to death and disease globally. This paper summarizes the work of an international expert group on the integration of human exposure to PM into life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), within the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative. We review literature-derived intake fraction values (the fraction of emissions that are inhaled), based on emission release height and "archetypal" environment (indoor versus outdoor; urban, rural, or remote locations). Recommended intake fraction values are provided for primary PM10-2.5 (coarse particles), primary PM 2.5 (fine particles), and secondary PM2.5 from SO 2, NOx, and NH3. Intake fraction values vary by orders of magnitude among conditions considered. For outdoor primary PM 2.5, representative intake fraction values (units: milligrams inhaled per kilogram emitted) for urban, rural, and remote areas, respectively, are 44, 3.8, and 0.1 for ground-level emissions, versus 26, 2.6, and 0.1 for an emission-weighted stack height. For outdoor secondary PM, source location and source characteristics typically have only a minor influence on the magnitude of the intake fraction (exception: intake fraction values can be an order of magnitude lower for remote-location emission than for other locations). Outdoor secondary PM2.5 intake fractions averaged over respective locations and stack heights are 0.89 (from SO2), 0.18 (NOx), and 1.7 (NH3). Estimated average intake fractions are greater for primary PM10-2.5 than for primary PM2.5 (21 versus 15), owing in part to differences in average emission height (lower, and therefore closer to people, for PM10-2.5 than PM2.5). For indoor emissions, typical intake fraction values are ∼1000-7000. This paper aims to provide as complete and consistent an archetype framework as possible, given current understanding of each pollutant. Values presented here facilitate incorporating regional impacts into LCIA for human health damage from PM.
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U2 - 10.1021/es103563z
DO - 10.1021/es103563z
M3 - Article
C2 - 21563817
AN - SCOPUS:79957841383
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 45
SP - 4808
EP - 4816
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 11
ER -
