Abstract
Many novel materials and device designs have been proposed as photonic analogs to electrical diodes over the last four decades. This paper seeks to revisit these materials and designs as advanced technologies may enable experimental realization that was not possible upon conception of several of these designs. The background behind integration challenges, including waveguide birefringence, fabrication tolerances, garnet/semiconductor mismatch, and optimized interfaces will hopefully spark new ideas that will finally enable the realization of integrated optical isolators and circulators.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 6678206 |
Journal | IEEE Photonics Journal |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 2014 |
Keywords
- Bi:YIG
- Ce:YIG
- Faraday rotation
- NRPS
- YIG
- beatlength
- birefringences
- circulators
- isolators
- non-reciprocal phase shift
- nonreciprocal optics
- push/pull
- quasi phase matching
- wafer-bonding