Leisure time physical activity of park visitors: Retesting constraint models in adoption and maintenance stages

This study extends the leisure constraints research. Specifically, the constraints-effects-mitigation model is examined in the context of park visitors' leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Model structure differences are tested between respondents in two stages of regular physical activity. Findings support the model where negotiation partially mediates the constraint-participation and motivation-participation relationships. Differences in the structural parameter estimates between respondents adopting and maintaining regular physical activity did not emerge. As such, the model applies to visitors in both stages. Results advance understanding of the relationships among factors that influence leisure participation, and particularly, park visitor LTPA.