Metformin, a promising oral antihyperglycemic for the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has historically been treated with diet therapy alone or the addition of an oral hypoglycemic agent such as a sulfonylurea, or the two in combination with insulin. Although these medical interventions lower blood glucose concentrations, they may also potentiate hyperinsulinism through increased serum insulin concentrations. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism are associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertriglyceridemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, among others. Therefore, a desirable therapeutic alternative would lower blood glucose, not result in hyperinsulinism, and have beneficial effects on lipid profiles. Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent that provides these effects. When administered to carefully selected patients and monitored appropriately, metformin may prove to be valuable in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and in altering its cardiovascular sequelae.