Moisture sensitivity of ecosystem respiration: Comparison of 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA

A. Noormets; A. R. Desai; B. D. Cook; E. S. Euskirchen; D. M. Ricciuto; K. J. Davis; P. V. Bolstad; H. P. Schmid; C. V. Vogel; E. V. Carey; H. B. Su; J. Chen

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.002

Moisture sensitivity of ecosystem respiration: Comparison of 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA

A. Noormets, A. R. Desai, B. D. Cook, E. S. Euskirchen, D. M. Ricciuto, K. J. Davis, P. V. Bolstad, H. P. Schmid, C. V. Vogel, E. V. Carey, H. B. Su, J. Chen

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Abstract

Ecosystem respiration (ER) was measured with the eddy covariance technique in 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region during the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. The response of ER to soil temperature and moisture was analyzed using empirical models. On average, ER was higher in the intermediate and young than in the mature stands, and higher in hardwood than in conifer stands. The seasonal mean temperature-normalized respiration rate (R₁₀) ranged from 1 to 3 μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1 and seasonal mean activation energy (E_a) from 40 to 110 kJ mol^-1. The variation in the residuals of temperature response function of ER was best explained by soil moisture content. ER showed higher temperature sensitivity (as indicated by lower E_a) in the young than in the mature stands of coniferous forests, but not in the hardwood forests. The inclusion of soil moisture as an explicit driver of R₁₀ explained an additional 8% (range 0-21%) of variability in ER. Significant moisture sensitivity of ER was detected in only 5 out of 20 site-years and it was associated with bimodal soil moisture distribution. Moisture sensitivity could partially be predicted from statistical moments kurtosis and interquartile range. The data implied greater moisture sensitivity with increasing stand age, possibly due to faster depletion of soil water supplies from a greater evaporative surface in the older stands. Additional limiting factors to ER were implicated.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	216-230
Number of pages	15
Journal	Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Volume	148
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.002
State	Published - Feb 13 2008

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The study was supported by grants from National Science foundation (JC), Department of Energy (DOE) National Institute for Global Environmental Change (CSV, KJD, PVB), DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Carbon Processes (KJD, PVB), USDA FS North Central Research Station (JC) and USDA FS Southern Global Change Program (AN, JC). We also thank the Washburn Ranger District, WLEF public radio station and other site land owners for facilitating the research. We gratefully acknowledge the support of field crew members, technicians and engineers. Special thanks to Dr. J. DeForest for his insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

Keywords

Activation energy
Boreo-temperate forests
Ecosystem respiration
Eddy covariance
Forest age
Moisture sensitivity
Soil moisture
Soil temperature
Temperature sensitivity

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Noormets, A., Desai, A. R., Cook, B. D., Euskirchen, E. S., Ricciuto, D. M., Davis, K. J., Bolstad, P. V., Schmid, H. P., Vogel, C. V., Carey, E. V., Su, H. B., & Chen, J. (2008). Moisture sensitivity of ecosystem respiration: Comparison of 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148(2), 216-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.002

Noormets, A, Desai, AR, Cook, BD, Euskirchen, ES, Ricciuto, DM, Davis, KJ, Bolstad, PV, Schmid, HP, Vogel, CV, Carey, EV, Su, HB & Chen, J 2008, 'Moisture sensitivity of ecosystem respiration: Comparison of 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA', Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 216-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.002

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abstract = "Ecosystem respiration (ER) was measured with the eddy covariance technique in 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region during the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. The response of ER to soil temperature and moisture was analyzed using empirical models. On average, ER was higher in the intermediate and young than in the mature stands, and higher in hardwood than in conifer stands. The seasonal mean temperature-normalized respiration rate (R10) ranged from 1 to 3 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and seasonal mean activation energy (Ea) from 40 to 110 kJ mol-1. The variation in the residuals of temperature response function of ER was best explained by soil moisture content. ER showed higher temperature sensitivity (as indicated by lower Ea) in the young than in the mature stands of coniferous forests, but not in the hardwood forests. The inclusion of soil moisture as an explicit driver of R10 explained an additional 8% (range 0-21%) of variability in ER. Significant moisture sensitivity of ER was detected in only 5 out of 20 site-years and it was associated with bimodal soil moisture distribution. Moisture sensitivity could partially be predicted from statistical moments kurtosis and interquartile range. The data implied greater moisture sensitivity with increasing stand age, possibly due to faster depletion of soil water supplies from a greater evaporative surface in the older stands. Additional limiting factors to ER were implicated.",

keywords = "Activation energy, Boreo-temperate forests, Ecosystem respiration, Eddy covariance, Forest age, Moisture sensitivity, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Temperature sensitivity",

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note = "Funding Information: The study was supported by grants from National Science foundation (JC), Department of Energy (DOE) National Institute for Global Environmental Change (CSV, KJD, PVB), DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Carbon Processes (KJD, PVB), USDA FS North Central Research Station (JC) and USDA FS Southern Global Change Program (AN, JC). We also thank the Washburn Ranger District, WLEF public radio station and other site land owners for facilitating the research. We gratefully acknowledge the support of field crew members, technicians and engineers. Special thanks to Dr. J. DeForest for his insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.",

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AU - Euskirchen, E. S.

AU - Ricciuto, D. M.

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AU - Vogel, C. V.

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N2 - Ecosystem respiration (ER) was measured with the eddy covariance technique in 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region during the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. The response of ER to soil temperature and moisture was analyzed using empirical models. On average, ER was higher in the intermediate and young than in the mature stands, and higher in hardwood than in conifer stands. The seasonal mean temperature-normalized respiration rate (R10) ranged from 1 to 3 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and seasonal mean activation energy (Ea) from 40 to 110 kJ mol-1. The variation in the residuals of temperature response function of ER was best explained by soil moisture content. ER showed higher temperature sensitivity (as indicated by lower Ea) in the young than in the mature stands of coniferous forests, but not in the hardwood forests. The inclusion of soil moisture as an explicit driver of R10 explained an additional 8% (range 0-21%) of variability in ER. Significant moisture sensitivity of ER was detected in only 5 out of 20 site-years and it was associated with bimodal soil moisture distribution. Moisture sensitivity could partially be predicted from statistical moments kurtosis and interquartile range. The data implied greater moisture sensitivity with increasing stand age, possibly due to faster depletion of soil water supplies from a greater evaporative surface in the older stands. Additional limiting factors to ER were implicated.

AB - Ecosystem respiration (ER) was measured with the eddy covariance technique in 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region during the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. The response of ER to soil temperature and moisture was analyzed using empirical models. On average, ER was higher in the intermediate and young than in the mature stands, and higher in hardwood than in conifer stands. The seasonal mean temperature-normalized respiration rate (R10) ranged from 1 to 3 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and seasonal mean activation energy (Ea) from 40 to 110 kJ mol-1. The variation in the residuals of temperature response function of ER was best explained by soil moisture content. ER showed higher temperature sensitivity (as indicated by lower Ea) in the young than in the mature stands of coniferous forests, but not in the hardwood forests. The inclusion of soil moisture as an explicit driver of R10 explained an additional 8% (range 0-21%) of variability in ER. Significant moisture sensitivity of ER was detected in only 5 out of 20 site-years and it was associated with bimodal soil moisture distribution. Moisture sensitivity could partially be predicted from statistical moments kurtosis and interquartile range. The data implied greater moisture sensitivity with increasing stand age, possibly due to faster depletion of soil water supplies from a greater evaporative surface in the older stands. Additional limiting factors to ER were implicated.

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KW - Eddy covariance

KW - Forest age

KW - Moisture sensitivity

KW - Soil moisture

KW - Soil temperature

KW - Temperature sensitivity

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Moisture sensitivity of ecosystem respiration: Comparison of 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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