Monitoring during mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is usually begun to improve arterial oxygenation, to accomplish adequate ventilation, or to minimize the work of breathing. During this process, data relevant to the output, efficiency, and reserve of the cardiorespiratory system must be assessed continually to assure appropriate management. Such information alerts the clinician of sudden untoward events, aids in diagnosis, facilitates prognosis, and enables assessment of therapeutic response. This article reviews selected aspects of monitoring the cardiopulmonary system, emphasizing those most relevant to the mechanically ventilated patient.