Moon and Sun shadowing effect in the MACRO detector

M. Ambrosio; R. Antolini; A. Baldini; G. C. Barbarino; B. C. Barish; G. Battistoni; Y. Becherini; R. Bellotti; C. Bemporad; P. Bernardini; H. Bilokon; C. Bower; M. Brigida; S. Bussino; F. Cafagna; M. Calicchio; D. Campana; M. Carboni; R. Caruso; S. Cecchini; F. Cei; V. Chiarella; T. Chiarusi; B. C. Choudhary; S. Coutu; M. Cozzi; G. de Cataldo; H. Dekhissi; C. de Marzo; I. de Mitri; J. Derkaoui; M. de Vincenzi; A. di Credico; O. Erriquez; C. Favuzzi; C. Forti; P. Fusco; G. Giacomelli; G. Giannini; N. Giglietto; M. Giorgini; M. Grassi; A. Grillo; C. Gustavino; A. Habig; K. Hanson; R. Heinz; E. Katsavounidis; I. Katsavounidis; E. Kearns; H. Kim; A. Kumar; S. Kyriazopoulou; E. Lamanna; C. Lane; D. S. Levin; P. Lipari; N. P. Longley; M. J. Longo; F. Loparco; F. Maaroufi; G. Mancarella; G. Mandrioli; S. Manzoor; A. Margiotta; A. Marini; D. Martello; A. Marzari-Chiesa; M. N. Mazziotta; D. G. Michael; P. Monacelli; T. Montaruli; M. Monteno; S. Mufson; J. Musser; D. Nicolò; R. Nolty; C. Orth; G. Osteria; O. Palamara; L. Patrizii; R. Pazzi; C. W. Peck; L. Perrone; S. Petrera; V. Popa; A. Rainò; J. Reynoldson; F. Ronga; C. Satriano; E. Scapparone; K. Scholberg; M. Sioli; G. Sirri; M. Sitta; P. Spinelli; M. Spinetti; M. Spurio; R. Steinberg; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; A. Surdo; G. Tarle; V. Togo; M. Vakili; C. W. Walter; R. Webb

doi:10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00169-5

Moon and Sun shadowing effect in the MACRO detector

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, A. Baldini, G. C. Barbarino, B. C. Barish, G. Battistoni, Y. Becherini, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, C. Bower, M. Brigida, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, D. Campana, M. Carboni, R. Caruso, S. CecchiniF. Cei, V. Chiarella, T. Chiarusi, B. C. Choudhary, S. Coutu, M. Cozzi, G. de Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. de Marzo, I. de Mitri, J. Derkaoui, M. de Vincenzi, A. di Credico, O. Erriquez, C. Favuzzi, C. Forti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, M. Giorgini, M. Grassi, A. Grillo, C. Gustavino, A. Habig, K. Hanson, R. Heinz, E. Katsavounidis, I. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, H. Kim, A. Kumar, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, D. S. Levin, P. Lipari, N. P. Longley, M. J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Maaroufi, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, S. Manzoor, A. Margiotta, A. Marini, D. Martello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, M. N. Mazziotta, D. G. Michael, P. Monacelli, T. Montaruli, M. Monteno, S. Mufson, J. Musser, D. Nicolò, R. Nolty, C. Orth, G. Osteria, O. Palamara, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C. W. Peck, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, V. Popa, A. Rainò, J. Reynoldson, F. Ronga, C. Satriano, E. Scapparone, K. Scholberg, M. Sioli, G. Sirri, M. Sitta, P. Spinelli, M. Spinetti, M. Spurio, R. Steinberg, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, A. Surdo, G. Tarle, V. Togo, M. Vakili, C. W. Walter, R. Webb

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

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Abstract

Using data collected by the MACRO experiment from 1989 to the end of its operations in 2000, we have studied in the underground muon flux the shadowing effects due to both the Moon and the Sun. We have observed the shadow cast by the Moon at its apparent position with a significance of 6.5σ. The Moon shadowing effect has been used to verify the pointing capability of the detector and to determine the instrument resolution for the search of muon excesses from any direction of the celestial sphere. The dependence of the effect on the geomagnetic field is clearly shown by splitting the data sample in day and night observations. The Sun shadow, observed with a significance of 4.6σ is displaced by about 0.6° from its apparent position. In this case however the explanation resides in the configuration of the Solar and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, which affect the propagation of cosmic ray particles between the Sun, and the Earth. The displacement of the Sun shadow with respect to the real Sun position has been used to establish an upper limit on the antimatter flux in cosmic rays of about 48% at 68% c.l. and primary energies of about 20 TeV.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	145-156
Number of pages	12
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	20
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00169-5
State	Published - Nov 1 2003

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge the support of the director and of the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and the invaluable assistance of the technical staff of the Institutions participating in the experiment. We thank the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation for their generous support of the MACRO experiment. We thank INFN, ICTP (Trieste), WorldLab and NATO for providing fellowships and grants (FAI) for non-Italian citizens.

Keywords

ACRO
Geomagnetic field
IMF field
Moon shadowing
Primary antimatter
Sun shadowing
Underground muons

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Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Becherini, Y., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bower, C., Brigida, M., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Caruso, R., ... Webb, R. (2003). Moon and Sun shadowing effect in the MACRO detector. Astroparticle Physics, 20(2), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00169-5

Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, GC, Barish, BC, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, BC, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, de Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, de Marzo, C, de Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, de Vincenzi, M, di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kumar, A, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, DS, Lipari, P, Longley, NP, Longo, MJ, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, MN, Michael, DG, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolò, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, CW, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Popa, V, Rainò, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, CW & Webb, R 2003, 'Moon and Sun shadowing effect in the MACRO detector', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00169-5

@article{712218f4a9484adbbf67504c0f8af3cd,

title = "Moon and Sun shadowing effect in the MACRO detector",

abstract = "Using data collected by the MACRO experiment from 1989 to the end of its operations in 2000, we have studied in the underground muon flux the shadowing effects due to both the Moon and the Sun. We have observed the shadow cast by the Moon at its apparent position with a significance of 6.5σ. The Moon shadowing effect has been used to verify the pointing capability of the detector and to determine the instrument resolution for the search of muon excesses from any direction of the celestial sphere. The dependence of the effect on the geomagnetic field is clearly shown by splitting the data sample in day and night observations. The Sun shadow, observed with a significance of 4.6σ is displaced by about 0.6° from its apparent position. In this case however the explanation resides in the configuration of the Solar and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, which affect the propagation of cosmic ray particles between the Sun, and the Earth. The displacement of the Sun shadow with respect to the real Sun position has been used to establish an upper limit on the antimatter flux in cosmic rays of about 48% at 68% c.l. and primary energies of about 20 TeV.",

keywords = "ACRO, Geomagnetic field, IMF field, Moon shadowing, Primary antimatter, Sun shadowing, Underground muons",

author = "M. Ambrosio and R. Antolini and A. Baldini and Barbarino, {G. C.} and Barish, {B. C.} and G. Battistoni and Y. Becherini and R. Bellotti and C. Bemporad and P. Bernardini and H. Bilokon and C. Bower and M. Brigida and S. Bussino and F. Cafagna and M. Calicchio and D. Campana and M. Carboni and R. Caruso and S. Cecchini and F. Cei and V. Chiarella and T. Chiarusi and Choudhary, {B. C.} and S. Coutu and M. Cozzi and {de Cataldo}, G. and H. Dekhissi and {de Marzo}, C. and {de Mitri}, I. and J. Derkaoui and {de Vincenzi}, M. and {di Credico}, A. and O. Erriquez and C. Favuzzi and C. Forti and P. Fusco and G. Giacomelli and G. Giannini and N. Giglietto and M. Giorgini and M. Grassi and A. Grillo and C. Gustavino and A. Habig and K. Hanson and R. Heinz and E. Katsavounidis and I. Katsavounidis and E. Kearns and H. Kim and A. Kumar and S. Kyriazopoulou and E. Lamanna and C. Lane and Levin, {D. S.} and P. Lipari and Longley, {N. P.} and Longo, {M. J.} and F. Loparco and F. Maaroufi and G. Mancarella and G. Mandrioli and S. Manzoor and A. Margiotta and A. Marini and D. Martello and A. Marzari-Chiesa and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and Michael, {D. G.} and P. Monacelli and T. Montaruli and M. Monteno and S. Mufson and J. Musser and D. Nicol{\`o} and R. Nolty and C. Orth and G. Osteria and O. Palamara and L. Patrizii and R. Pazzi and Peck, {C. W.} and L. Perrone and S. Petrera and V. Popa and A. Rain{\`o} and J. Reynoldson and F. Ronga and C. Satriano and E. Scapparone and K. Scholberg and M. Sioli and G. Sirri and M. Sitta and P. Spinelli and M. Spinetti and M. Spurio and R. Steinberg and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and A. Surdo and G. Tarle and V. Togo and M. Vakili and Walter, {C. W.} and R. Webb",

note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the support of the director and of the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and the invaluable assistance of the technical staff of the Institutions participating in the experiment. We thank the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation for their generous support of the MACRO experiment. We thank INFN, ICTP (Trieste), WorldLab and NATO for providing fellowships and grants (FAI) for non-Italian citizens.",

year = "2003",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00169-5",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "20",

pages = "145--156",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Moon and Sun shadowing effect in the MACRO detector

AU - Ambrosio, M.

AU - Antolini, R.

AU - Baldini, A.

AU - Barbarino, G. C.

AU - Barish, B. C.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Becherini, Y.

AU - Bellotti, R.

AU - Bemporad, C.

AU - Bernardini, P.

AU - Bilokon, H.

AU - Bower, C.

AU - Brigida, M.

AU - Bussino, S.

AU - Cafagna, F.

AU - Calicchio, M.

AU - Campana, D.

AU - Carboni, M.

AU - Caruso, R.

AU - Cecchini, S.

AU - Cei, F.

AU - Chiarella, V.

AU - Chiarusi, T.

AU - Choudhary, B. C.

AU - Coutu, S.

AU - Cozzi, M.

AU - de Cataldo, G.

AU - Dekhissi, H.

AU - de Marzo, C.

AU - de Mitri, I.

AU - Derkaoui, J.

AU - de Vincenzi, M.

AU - di Credico, A.

AU - Erriquez, O.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Forti, C.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Giacomelli, G.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giorgini, M.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Grillo, A.

AU - Gustavino, C.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Hanson, K.

AU - Heinz, R.

AU - Katsavounidis, E.

AU - Katsavounidis, I.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Kim, H.

AU - Kumar, A.

AU - Kyriazopoulou, S.

AU - Lamanna, E.

AU - Lane, C.

AU - Levin, D. S.

AU - Lipari, P.

AU - Longley, N. P.

AU - Longo, M. J.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Maaroufi, F.

AU - Mancarella, G.

AU - Mandrioli, G.

AU - Manzoor, S.

AU - Margiotta, A.

AU - Marini, A.

AU - Martello, D.

AU - Marzari-Chiesa, A.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - Michael, D. G.

AU - Monacelli, P.

AU - Montaruli, T.

AU - Monteno, M.

AU - Mufson, S.

AU - Musser, J.

AU - Nicolò, D.

AU - Nolty, R.

AU - Orth, C.

AU - Osteria, G.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Patrizii, L.

AU - Pazzi, R.

AU - Peck, C. W.

AU - Perrone, L.

AU - Petrera, S.

AU - Popa, V.

AU - Rainò, A.

AU - Reynoldson, J.

AU - Ronga, F.

AU - Satriano, C.

AU - Scapparone, E.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Sioli, M.

AU - Sirri, G.

AU - Sitta, M.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Spinetti, M.

AU - Spurio, M.

AU - Steinberg, R.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Surdo, A.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - Togo, V.

AU - Vakili, M.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Webb, R.

N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the support of the director and of the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and the invaluable assistance of the technical staff of the Institutions participating in the experiment. We thank the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation for their generous support of the MACRO experiment. We thank INFN, ICTP (Trieste), WorldLab and NATO for providing fellowships and grants (FAI) for non-Italian citizens.

PY - 2003/11/1

Y1 - 2003/11/1

N2 - Using data collected by the MACRO experiment from 1989 to the end of its operations in 2000, we have studied in the underground muon flux the shadowing effects due to both the Moon and the Sun. We have observed the shadow cast by the Moon at its apparent position with a significance of 6.5σ. The Moon shadowing effect has been used to verify the pointing capability of the detector and to determine the instrument resolution for the search of muon excesses from any direction of the celestial sphere. The dependence of the effect on the geomagnetic field is clearly shown by splitting the data sample in day and night observations. The Sun shadow, observed with a significance of 4.6σ is displaced by about 0.6° from its apparent position. In this case however the explanation resides in the configuration of the Solar and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, which affect the propagation of cosmic ray particles between the Sun, and the Earth. The displacement of the Sun shadow with respect to the real Sun position has been used to establish an upper limit on the antimatter flux in cosmic rays of about 48% at 68% c.l. and primary energies of about 20 TeV.

AB - Using data collected by the MACRO experiment from 1989 to the end of its operations in 2000, we have studied in the underground muon flux the shadowing effects due to both the Moon and the Sun. We have observed the shadow cast by the Moon at its apparent position with a significance of 6.5σ. The Moon shadowing effect has been used to verify the pointing capability of the detector and to determine the instrument resolution for the search of muon excesses from any direction of the celestial sphere. The dependence of the effect on the geomagnetic field is clearly shown by splitting the data sample in day and night observations. The Sun shadow, observed with a significance of 4.6σ is displaced by about 0.6° from its apparent position. In this case however the explanation resides in the configuration of the Solar and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, which affect the propagation of cosmic ray particles between the Sun, and the Earth. The displacement of the Sun shadow with respect to the real Sun position has been used to establish an upper limit on the antimatter flux in cosmic rays of about 48% at 68% c.l. and primary energies of about 20 TeV.

KW - ACRO

KW - Geomagnetic field

KW - IMF field

KW - Moon shadowing

KW - Primary antimatter

KW - Sun shadowing

KW - Underground muons

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U2 - 10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00169-5

DO - 10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00169-5

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:17744408756

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 20

SP - 145

EP - 156

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

IS - 2

ER -

Moon and Sun shadowing effect in the MACRO detector

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Keywords

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