Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario

George J. Hudak; Ronald L. Morton; James M. Franklin; Dean M. Peterson

doi:10.1029/140GM23

Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario

George J. Hudak, Ronald L. Morton, James M. Franklin, Dean M. Peterson

Natural Resources Research Institute

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Archean Sturgeon Lake Caldera Complex (SLCC) comprises a well-preserved, north-facing homoclinal sequence of greenschist facies metamorphosed intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary strata. This piecemeal caldera complex is at least 25 km in strike length and contains nearly 3000 meters of dominantly subaqueously deposited intracaldera fill. Episodes of subaerial and subaqueous explosive felsic volcanism produced rhyodacitic to rhyolitic tuffs and lapilli tuffs. Progressing stratigraphically upward, the most voluminous are: a) the High Level Lake Tuff (~16km³); b) the Mattabi Tuff (~27km³); and c) the Middle L Tuff (~7km³). The subaerially erupted, subaerially and locally subaqueously deposited High Level Lake Tuff comprises an 80-300 meter-thick unit composed of basal, poorly sorted, massive to normal graded, quartz-phyric, locally spherulitic tuffs and lapilli tuffs (30-150m thick) that are overlain by thin-bedded tuffs (< l -5m thick). The subaqueously erupted and deposited Mattabi Tuff contains up to thirteen individual flow units, each comprising two distinct depositional facies: a) lower, quartz-phyric, poorly sorted, ungraded, massive tuffs and lapilli tuffs (20-250 meters thick); and b) upper, laminated to medium bedded, typically normal graded tuffs (1-13 meters thick). The subaqueously erupted and deposited Middle L Tuff is also characterized by two distinct lithofacies: a) lower graded, quartz-and, rarely, potassium feldspar-phyric tuffs and lapilli tuffs (5-120m thick); and b) overlying, well-sorted, laminated to thickly bedded, normal graded tuffs (< l -5m thick). These three voluminous tuff deposits host all known volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) ore bodies in the SLCC. At Sturgeon Lake, VHMS ore deposition appears to be favored by processes associated with the generation of voluminous subaqueous explosive eruptions.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 2003
Editors	David A. Clague, John L. Smellie, James D.L. White
Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Pages	345-360
Number of pages	16
ISBN (Electronic)	9781118668665
ISBN (Print)	9780875909998
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/140GM23
State	Published - 2003

Publication series

Name	Geophysical Monograph Series
Volume	140
ISSN (Print)	0065-8448
ISSN (Electronic)	2328-8779

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. Thanks to Mattabi Mines Limited, Noranda Mining and Exploration, Ltd., Minnova Inc. (INMET), and Rio Algom for their financial support and access to their properties, diamond drill core, and geological data. Jamie Walker and Peter Jongewaard providing us with their unpublished data. Financial support was provided through the Canada-Ontario Mineral Development Agreement (MDA) and from the Faculty Development Program at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. A previous version of this paper benefited greatly from critical reviews by J. Smellie and W. Mueller.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.

Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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10.1029/140GM23

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Hudak, G. J., Morton, R. L., Franklin, J. M., & Peterson, D. M. (2003). Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario. In D. A. Clague, J. L. Smellie, & J. D. L. White (Eds.), Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 2003 (pp. 345-360). (Geophysical Monograph Series; Vol. 140). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1029/140GM23

Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario. / Hudak, George J.; Morton, Ronald L.; Franklin, James M. et al.
Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 2003. ed. / David A. Clague; John L. Smellie; James D.L. White. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003. p. 345-360 (Geophysical Monograph Series; Vol. 140).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

Hudak, GJ, Morton, RL, Franklin, JM & Peterson, DM 2003, Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario. in DA Clague, JL Smellie & JDL White (eds), Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 2003. Geophysical Monograph Series, vol. 140, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp. 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1029/140GM23

Hudak GJ, Morton RL, Franklin JM, Peterson DM. Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario. In Clague DA, Smellie JL, White JDL, editors, Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 2003. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2003. p. 345-360. (Geophysical Monograph Series). doi: 10.1029/140GM23

Hudak, George J. ; Morton, Ronald L. ; Franklin, James M. et al. / Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario. Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 2003. editor / David A. Clague ; John L. Smellie ; James D.L. White. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003. pp. 345-360 (Geophysical Monograph Series).

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abstract = "The Archean Sturgeon Lake Caldera Complex (SLCC) comprises a well-preserved, north-facing homoclinal sequence of greenschist facies metamorphosed intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary strata. This piecemeal caldera complex is at least 25 km in strike length and contains nearly 3000 meters of dominantly subaqueously deposited intracaldera fill. Episodes of subaerial and subaqueous explosive felsic volcanism produced rhyodacitic to rhyolitic tuffs and lapilli tuffs. Progressing stratigraphically upward, the most voluminous are: a) the High Level Lake Tuff (~16km3); b) the Mattabi Tuff (~27km3); and c) the Middle L Tuff (~7km3). The subaerially erupted, subaerially and locally subaqueously deposited High Level Lake Tuff comprises an 80-300 meter-thick unit composed of basal, poorly sorted, massive to normal graded, quartz-phyric, locally spherulitic tuffs and lapilli tuffs (30-150m thick) that are overlain by thin-bedded tuffs (< l -5m thick). The subaqueously erupted and deposited Mattabi Tuff contains up to thirteen individual flow units, each comprising two distinct depositional facies: a) lower, quartz-phyric, poorly sorted, ungraded, massive tuffs and lapilli tuffs (20-250 meters thick); and b) upper, laminated to medium bedded, typically normal graded tuffs (1-13 meters thick). The subaqueously erupted and deposited Middle L Tuff is also characterized by two distinct lithofacies: a) lower graded, quartz-and, rarely, potassium feldspar-phyric tuffs and lapilli tuffs (5-120m thick); and b) overlying, well-sorted, laminated to thickly bedded, normal graded tuffs (< l -5m thick). These three voluminous tuff deposits host all known volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) ore bodies in the SLCC. At Sturgeon Lake, VHMS ore deposition appears to be favored by processes associated with the generation of voluminous subaqueous explosive eruptions.",

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note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments. Thanks to Mattabi Mines Limited, Noranda Mining and Exploration, Ltd., Minnova Inc. (INMET), and Rio Algom for their financial support and access to their properties, diamond drill core, and geological data. Jamie Walker and Peter Jongewaard providing us with their unpublished data. Financial support was provided through the Canada-Ontario Mineral Development Agreement (MDA) and from the Faculty Development Program at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. A previous version of this paper benefited greatly from critical reviews by J. Smellie and W. Mueller. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2003 by the American Geophysical Union. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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AB - The Archean Sturgeon Lake Caldera Complex (SLCC) comprises a well-preserved, north-facing homoclinal sequence of greenschist facies metamorphosed intrusive, volcanic, and sedimentary strata. This piecemeal caldera complex is at least 25 km in strike length and contains nearly 3000 meters of dominantly subaqueously deposited intracaldera fill. Episodes of subaerial and subaqueous explosive felsic volcanism produced rhyodacitic to rhyolitic tuffs and lapilli tuffs. Progressing stratigraphically upward, the most voluminous are: a) the High Level Lake Tuff (~16km3); b) the Mattabi Tuff (~27km3); and c) the Middle L Tuff (~7km3). The subaerially erupted, subaerially and locally subaqueously deposited High Level Lake Tuff comprises an 80-300 meter-thick unit composed of basal, poorly sorted, massive to normal graded, quartz-phyric, locally spherulitic tuffs and lapilli tuffs (30-150m thick) that are overlain by thin-bedded tuffs (< l -5m thick). The subaqueously erupted and deposited Mattabi Tuff contains up to thirteen individual flow units, each comprising two distinct depositional facies: a) lower, quartz-phyric, poorly sorted, ungraded, massive tuffs and lapilli tuffs (20-250 meters thick); and b) upper, laminated to medium bedded, typically normal graded tuffs (1-13 meters thick). The subaqueously erupted and deposited Middle L Tuff is also characterized by two distinct lithofacies: a) lower graded, quartz-and, rarely, potassium feldspar-phyric tuffs and lapilli tuffs (5-120m thick); and b) overlying, well-sorted, laminated to thickly bedded, normal graded tuffs (< l -5m thick). These three voluminous tuff deposits host all known volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) ore bodies in the SLCC. At Sturgeon Lake, VHMS ore deposition appears to be favored by processes associated with the generation of voluminous subaqueous explosive eruptions.

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Morphology, distribution, and estimated eruption volumes for intracaldera tuffs associated with volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the archean sturgeon lake caldera complex, Northwestern Ontario

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